Estimation of heat load in waste tanks using average vapor space temperatures

Crowe, R.D.; Kummerer, M.; Postma, Albert

doi:10.2172/10118671

Cited by 20 publications

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“…The maximum heat load of any ferrocyanide tank, assuming worst-case conditions for soil moisture and thermal conductivity, was below 4.2 kilowatts (kW). Nominal heat loads calculated by McLaren (1994aMcLaren ( , 1994b) compared very favorably with those calculated independently in 1993 (Crowe et al 1993). A dryout analysis was also completed and released in FY 1994 (Epstein et al 1994 241-BY-104 (McLaren 1993) suggested that if hot spots with temperatures of concern are possible, surface temperature differences might be great enough to be detected by IR mapping.…”

Section: Instrument Treesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Quarterly report on the Ferrocyanide Safety Program for the period ending June 30, 1994

Meacham¹,

Cash²,

Dukelow³

1994

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Section: Instrument Treesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Quarterly report on the Ferrocyanide Safety Program for the period ending June 30, 1994

Meacham¹,

Cash²,

Dukelow³

1994

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“…The radiation factor, Fm was estimated from surface and geometry considerations to b approximately 0.62 by Crowe et al (1993). The heat transfer coefficient, h,, appearing in Equation (A.6) can be derived by dividing qsD muation (A.711 by surface area, A, and temperature difference, (7' ' -To).…”

Section: Atmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Constants in this equation are assigned values on the basis of information presented by Crowe et al 1993: k,the soil thermal conductivity is 4 . 1 W/m.K, TAR, the annual average aeospheric air temperature is -286.7.R; dz, the soil overburden depth is -4.02 m.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for organic solvents in Hanford waste tanks using total non- methane organic compound vapor concentrations

Huckaby¹,

Glissmeyer²,

Sklarew³

1997

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“…Recently, dynamic X-ray diffraction has been used to identify specific reactions and to quantify reaction rates (Dodds and Thompson 1994). In addition, a number of experimental and theoretical studies have been conducted in an effort to analyze the thermal characteristics of the tanks (Crowe et al 1993;McLaren 1993McLaren , 1994McLaren and Cash 1993) and to investigate the likelihood of "hot spots" forming as a result of radiolytic heating (Epstein and Fauske 1994;McGrail et al 1993). The measured temperatures in these tanks continue to drop, and the highest temperature currently recorded is 53°C (Meacham et al 1994a).…”

Section: Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Ferrocyanide safety project ferrocyanide aging studies FY 1995 annual report

Lilga¹,

Alderson²,

Hallen³

1995

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SummaryThis annual report gives the results of the work conducted by the Pacific Northwest Laboratory in FY 1995 on Task 3 of the Ferrocyanide Safety Project, Ferrocyanide Aging Studies. Aging refers to the dissolution and hydrolysis of simulated Hanford ferrocyanide waste in alkaline aqueous solutions by radiolytic and chemical means. The ferrocyanide simulant primarily used in these studies was driedIn-Farm-lB, Rev. 7, prepared by Westinghouse Hanford Company to simulate the waste generated when the In-Farm flowsheet was used to remove radiocesium from waste supernates in single-shell tanks at the Hanford Site. In the In-Farm flowsheet, nickel ion A d ferrocyanide anion were added to waste supernates to precipitate sodium nickel ferrocyanide, Na,NiFe(CN),, and co-precipitate radiocesium. Once the radiocesium was removed, supernates were pumped from the tanks, and new wastes from cladding removal processes or from evaporators were added. These new wastes were typically highly caustic, having hydroxide ion concentrations of over 1 M and as high as 4 M. The Aging Studies task is investigating reactions this caustic waste may have had with the precipitated ferrocyanide waste in a radiation field.In previous Aging Studies research, N%NiFe(CN), in simulants was shown to dissolve in basic solutions, forming insoluble Ni(OH), and soluble Na,Fe(CN),. The influence on solubility of base strength, sodium ion concentration, anions, -and temperature was previously investigated. Destruction of ferrocyanide anion by hydrolysis to form ammonia and formate ion was found to be promoted by gamma irradiation. Increasing temperature and gamma dose rate increased the rate of hydrolysis, as indicated by the amount of ammonia formed with time. Ammonia was found to be radiolyzed in the gamma field. The change in concentration of formate ion generally paralleled that of ammonia but was three to four times less concentrated. Total soluble iron concentrations were found to decrease in what appeared to be a pseudo-first-order fashion. The nickel concentration tended to increase, sometimes to 90% redissolution. Aluminum added to the hydrolysis solution had relatively little effect and may have slightly promoted hydrolysis.. In FY 1995 Aging Studies work, temperature and gamma dose rate effects were further investigated. Consistent with prior work, as the temperature or the gamma dose rate increased, the rate of hydrolysis also increased. As an approximation, ammonia production with time was described as being linear. Rate constants for ammonia production followed a linear Arrhenius relationship and also increased linearly with increasing applied gamma dose rate. Rate constants for ammonia production at other conditions could be predicted with use of the temperature and dose rate relationships.Ammonia was found to be destroyed in the gamma environment. Rate constants of 1.1 x Mlday at an applied dose rate of 1.07 x l@ Rad/h, and 2.1 x lo4 Mlday at 8.91 x 103 Rad/h were measured for this process. Formate ion destruction was found to occur at...

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Estimation of heat load in waste tanks using average vapor space temperatures

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Quarterly report on the Ferrocyanide Safety Program for the period ending June 30, 1994

Quarterly report on the Ferrocyanide Safety Program for the period ending June 30, 1994

Screening for organic solvents in Hanford waste tanks using total non- methane organic compound vapor concentrations

Ferrocyanide safety project ferrocyanide aging studies FY 1995 annual report

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