Estimation of hydrogen crossover through Nafion® membranes in PEMFCs

Francia, Carlotta; Ijeri, Vijaykumar S.; Specchia, Vito; Spinelli, P.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.09.058

Cited by 89 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…However, there is always a small amount of hydrogen that can penetrate through the membrane to the cathode side. Moreover, it has been proved that the degradation of membrane will be more serious as an increase in operation time, which induces an increase in hydrogen diffusivity . Figure shows the polarization curves of PEMFC with different hydrogen diffusion coefficients (membrane with intrinsic hydrogen diffusion coefficient, membrane with 10 times the intrinsic hydrogen diffusion coefficient, and membrane with 100 times the intrinsic hydrogen diffusion coefficient), which represent the different aging degrees of the membrane.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Giner‐Sanz et al developed a model based on commercial membranes, which described the effects of anode and cathode pressure on internal short circuit and hydrogen crossover. A semiempirical mathematical model that can be used to directly predict the hydrogen crossover rate was presented by Francia et al on the basis of PEMFC polarization curves analysis. Their findings showed that hydrogen crossover rate was related to the membrane thickness and temperature of the cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Research on two‐phase flow considering hydrogen crossover in the membrane for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

Ji¹,

Niu

Wang

et al. 2019

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Hydrogen crossover has an important effect on the performance and durability of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Severe hydrogen crossover can accelerate the degradation of membrane and thus increase the possibility of explosion. In this study, a two‐phase, two‐dimensional, and multiphysics field coupling model considering hydrogen crossover in the membrane for PEMFC is developed. The model describes the distributions of reactant gases, current density, water content in membrane, and liquid water saturation in cathode electrodes of PEMFC with intrinsic hydrogen permeability, which is usually neglected in most PEMFC models. The conversion processes of water between gas phase, liquid phase, and dissolved water in PEMFC are simulated. The effects of changes in hydrogen permeability on PEMFC output performance and distributions of reactant gases and water saturation are analyzed. Results showed that hydrogen permeability has a marked effect on PEMFC operating under low current density conditions, especially on the open circuit voltage (OCV) with the increase of hydrogen permeability. On the contrary, the effect of hydrogen permeability on PEMFC at high current density is negligible within the variation range of hydrogen permeability in this study. The nonlinear relations of OCV with hydrogen diffusion rate are regressed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on two‐phase flow considering hydrogen crossover in the membrane for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

Ji¹,

Niu

Wang

et al. 2019

Int J Energy Res

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“…Figure a shows the time variation of the membrane permeability to hydrogen (fuel crossover), expressed in the form of the current density for oxidation of the permeation flux in the two hybridizations states. In both cases, the fuel crossover is close to 0.8 mA cm −2 , in consistence with the usual values for 1 mm thick Nafion membranes, near 1 mA cm −2 . The fuel crossover varies very little, in comparable manner in the two runs of interest until 1,100 h. Then, a sudden increase in the last period of the run occurs, in particular without hybridization, expressing the formation of a defect in the membrane.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Coupling of PEM Fuel Cell to Supercapacitors for Higher Durability and Better Energy Management

et al. 2018

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A single polymer electrolyte fuel cell has been directly hybridized to a stack of three supercapacitors: the system formed has been investigated in operation in the fuel cell dynamic load cycle, which emulates the energy demand in transported applications. Comparison with regular, non‐hybridized fuel cell operation was analyzed in terms of hydrogen consumption in the case that the gas flow rates are directly controlled by cell current during the cycles with constant gas stoichiometric factors: the smoothening effect of the supercapacitors in the overall circuit leads to more even profiles of the cell current and voltage in the cycle, which allows safer and better hydrogen consumption management in this regime: the average H2 consumption per cycle could be reduced by 16% without change of the overall energy produced. Besides, the runs were conducted over more than 1,300 hours with evaluation of the fuel cell performance and capacity at regular intervals, with or without hybridization. A moderate positive effect of hybridization was observed in the time variations of the voltage‐current curves and the fuel crossover. However, the resistances for ohmic, charge transfer and diffusion phenomena, were not so much improved by the hybridization, in spite of less sharp voltage.

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“…Previous studies associated the dissolution of ionomer from MEAs to a number of factors such as hydrogen crossover [199], Nafion loading [198], and cell operation under OCV [44,200] and extreme relative humidity conditions [30,201]. However, none of these studies associated the segregation of ionomer to the water production process in PEMFCs.…”

Section: Pt and Ionomer Dissolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation aspects of water formation and transport in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell: A review

Ous

Arcoumanis

2013

Journal of Power Sources

137

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link AbstractThis review paper summarises the key aspects of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) degradation that are associated with water formation, retention, accumulation, and transport mechanisms within the cell. Issues related to loss of active surface area of the catalyst, ionomer dissolution, membrane swelling, ice formation, corrosion, and contamination are also addressed and discussed. The impact of each of these water mechanisms on cell performance and durability was found to be different and to vary according to the design of the cell and its operating conditions. For example, the presence of liquid water within Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA), as a result of water accumulation, can be detrimental if the operating temperature of the cell drops to sub-freezing.The volume expansion of liquid water due to ice formation can damage the morphology of different parts of the cell and may shorten its life-time. This can be more serious, for example, during the water transport mechanism where migration of Pt particles from the catalyst may take place after detachment from the carbon support. Furthermore, the effect of transport mechanism could be augmented if humid reactant gases containing impurities poison the membrane, leading to the same outcome as water retention or accumulation.Overall, the impact of water mechanisms can be classified as aging or catastrophic. Aging has a longterm impact over the duration of the PEMFC life-time whereas in the catastrophic mechanism the impact is immediate. The conversion of cell residual water into ice at sub-freezing temperatures by the water retention/ accumulation mechanism and the access of poisoning contaminants through the water transport mechanism are considered to fall into the catastrophic category. The effect of water mechanisms on PEMFC degradation can be reduced or even eliminated by (a) using advanced materials for improving the electrical, chemical and mechanical stability of the cell components against deterioration, and (b) implementing effective strategies for water management in the cell.

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Estimation of hydrogen crossover through Nafion® membranes in PEMFCs

Cited by 89 publications

References 49 publications

Research on two‐phase flow considering hydrogen crossover in the membrane for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

Research on two‐phase flow considering hydrogen crossover in the membrane for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

Direct Coupling of PEM Fuel Cell to Supercapacitors for Higher Durability and Better Energy Management

Degradation aspects of water formation and transport in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell: A review

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