Estimation of Isolated Triterpenoid – Ursolic Acid in Verbena officinalis L. Aerial Parts Using TLC Densitometry

Abstract

Verbena officinalis L. (Vervain; family-Verbenaceae),a traditionally used and medicinally promising plant, has been reported to contain triterpenoids as major class of phytoconstituents. But no work has ever been carried out on V. officinalis to isolate major chemical constituent(s), and to standardize plant material on the basis of isolated constituent(s) using TLC densitometry.The chloroform extract of V. officinalisaerial parts was prepared by extracting properly identified plant in a Soxhlet apparatus.Preliminary phytochemical screening of chloroform extract showed presence of triterpenoids. Column chromatography of chloroform extract using solvent systems viz., hexane:chloroform, chloroform and chloroform:methanol in different concentrationsyielded five fractions (F 1 -F 5 ). Preliminary phytochemical screening of various fractions of chloroform extract revealed presence of triterpenoids in F 2 and F 3 fractions. Therefore, these fractions were further subjected to column chromatography. White colored crystals were obtained in SF 1 sub-fraction separated from F 2 and was designated as VOC-1. Structure of VOC-1 was elucidated by IR and NMRspectral studies and was characterized as ursolic acid. Further, ursolic acid was quantified in V. officinalisaerial parts by validated TLC densitometric method. The content of ursolic acid was found to be 0.1580% in V. officinalis aerial parts.The linearity range, correlation coefficient, intra-

Verbena officinalis (Common Vervain) – A Review on the Investigations of This Medicinally Important Plant Species

“…Terpenoids Diterpenoids carnosol [89] carnosolic acid [89] rosmanol [89] isorosmanol [89] Triterpenoids ursolic acid and its derivatives [34,90,91] 3α,19,23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid [34] 2α,3β-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid [34] 3α,24-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid [34,35] 3-epiursolic acid [35] Carbohydrates arabinose, galactose, galacturonic acid, glucose, mannose, rhamnose, xylose [40] Sterols daucosterol [37] α-sitosterol [91] β-sitosterol [37] Fatty acids oleic acid [91] 3-epioleanolic acid [35] 3α,24-dihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid [37] Bioelements potassium, sodium, iron, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, copper, zinc, manganese [39] 60, 61]. Moreover, V. officinalis extracts can be used topically in cases of wounds, bites, oral and throat inflammation, and muscle spasms [62].…”

In Vitro Antimelanoma Properties of Verbena officinalis Fractions

“…V. officinalis studied for its new important bioactivities including analgesic and anti-inflammatory [ 12 , 13 ], antioxidant [ 14 ], antifungal [ 15 ], anticonvulsant [ 6 ], antibacterial [ 16 , 17 ], anticancer [ 18 , 19 ], neuroprotective [ 10 ], antidepressant [ 20 ], antiproliferative [ 21 ], urolithiasis [ 22 ], and antitumor [ 23 ] effects. V. officinalis has a pool of bioactive metabolites, including flavonoids [ 24 ], sterols and triterpenoids [ 25 ], phenylethanoid glycosides [ 21 ], iridoids [ 26 ] and ursolic acid [ 27 ], which further explains the folk use of this plant [ 6 ]. In addition, the species nowadays is recognized as a valuable cosmetic plant, mainly due to the presence of essential oils.…”

Metabolic Profiling by GC-MS, In Vitro Biological Potential, and In Silico Molecular Docking Studies of Verbena officinalis

“…V. officinalis has been studied for its important bioactivities such as antioxidant [ 26 ], diuretics and expectorant analgesic and anti-inflammatory [ 27 , 28 ], anticonvulsant [ 21 ], antifungal [ 29 ], antibacterial [ 30 , 31 ], anticancer [ 32 , 33 ], antidepressant [ 34 ], neuroprotective [ 25 ], urolithiasis [ 35 ] antiproliferative [ 36 ] and antitumor [ 37 ] effects. The abundance of bioactive metabolites in V. officinalis , including flavonoids [ 38 ], phenylethanoid glycosides [ 36 ], sterols and triterpenoids [ 39 ], and ursolic acid [ 40 ] explains the folklore use of V. officinalis [ 21 ].…”