Estimation of Municipal Solid Waste Generation and Future Trends in Greater Metropolitan Regions of Kolkata, India

Ramezani, Majid

doi:10.2991/jiemi.2014.1.1.3

Cited by 42 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The projection of the increasing size of the population and urbanisation will ultimately be accompanied by an increase in the waste generated [43][44][45].…”

Section: The Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare Waste Management: A Case Study from Sudan

2018

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Healthcare waste (HCW) represents a major public health issue, especially in developing countries. Among HCW categories, sharps waste is one of the most hazardous. Exposure to needle-stick injuries can lead to blood-borne pathogens, therefore HCW should be managed in an effective manner. The main aims of this study were to assess the current management of used needles and to suggest suitable recommendations for an improved and safer system for needle management in Khartoum, Sudan. The study showed that the management of both healthcare and home-generated HCW in Sudan is inefficient, as all wastes are mixed together and disposed of improperly, especially used needles. The study attributes this to many reasons, including lack of waste segregation at the source, lack of policies, failure of planning, inadequate training, lack of awareness of the hazardous nature of such kinds of waste, weak infrastructure, and a lack of suitable treatment technologies. The estimated average generated rate of HCW ranged from 0.38 to 0.87 kg/bed/day in 2009 and 2012, respectively. Such ineffective healthcare waste management HCWM, especially used needles, can put public health as well as the environment at risk, particularly waste workers, thus urgent action needs to be taken by all involved parties and at all levels.

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“…The projection of the increasing size of the population and urbanisation will ultimately be accompanied by an increase in the waste generated [43][44][45].…”

Section: The Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare Waste Management: A Case Study from Sudan

2018

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“…Unmanaged urban wastes affect biogeochemical cycles from local to global scales and hazardous wastes are particularly dangerous to the living organisms including humans [3][4][5]. Inadequate management of MSW has become a global concern that affects the quality of life in urban areas in many countries especially in the developing nations [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Recycling Intentions among the Youth: A Developing Country Perspective

Halder

Singh²

2018

Recycling

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India is currently facing a mounting challenge related to municipal waste management, due to an increasing urban population, and their high consumption lifestyles. India also has the world's highest number of young people in the 10-24 years age group. The study applied the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) model to predict school students' recycling intentions in Delhi, the capital of India and one of the highest producers of municipal solid wastes in the country. Data were collected from a school in New Delhi and the sample size consisted of 272 students from 9th and 10th grades. The TPB model explained 56% of the variance in the students' intentions to recycling. The predictor 'subjective norm' appeared to have the strongest impact on the students' recycling intentions, followed by 'attitude' and 'perceived behavioural control'. It indicated that social factors are driving the Indian youth's recycling intentions. It is important that the policymakers promote recycling as a social trend in India and provide adequate facilities to the public so that they can participate in recycling activities without facing difficulties. Schools also have a role in increasing students' awareness of recycling and motivating them to participate in household waste management practices.

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“…Both cases were constrained by the availability of the same amount of RDF (350 tonnes per day), which is equivalent to 10% of the MSW placed at the Dhapa site in July 2013 [171]. Although not modelled explicitly, the cost of producing RDF is accounted for in the economic analysis, and a variation in this cost is addressed through a sensitivity analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kolkata's gross domestic product (GDP) was one of the largest among South Asian cities in 2008, lower than only Mumbai and Delhi [171]. The data shows that 76.5% of households in West Bengal relied on the use of solid cooking fuels and that 7.9% of households used coal, lignite and charcoal for this purpose.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these, the Dhapa site (located within 10 km of collection points) is the largest and has an overall footprint of approximately 34. tonne per day. It was determined that the Dhapa site typically received in the order of 3,500 tonne per day of waste in July 2013 [171]. Another study determined that by 2012 the Dhapa site would contain in the order of 11 million tonne of waste, at which time the height of all disposal areas would start exceeding the maximum stated limit of 40 m, if an alternative disposal site was not available [175].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy transitions in developing countries and the role of alternative liquid fuels in reducing energy poverty: exploring the use of domestically produced dimethyl ether (DME) to augment the use of imported liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as a clean cooking fuel in India

Grové¹

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The lack of access to electricity and clean cooking fuels is commonly referred to as energy poverty. In 2014, approximately 819 million people in India relied on solid fuels (including wood, crop residue, dung and coal) for cooking, the use of which is claimed to contribute to premature death caused by indoor air pollution, deforestation and gender inequality. In the interest of improved health and wellbeing, the Indian Government is, therefore, promoting a transition to the use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as a cleaner cooking fuel. Dimethyl ether (DME) is a LPG compatible synthetic fuel, and the primary purpose of this thesis is to understand the use of domestically produced DME to offset a growing Indian LPG import requirement.The thesis starts by exploring the links between alternative liquid fuels production and use, human wellbeing, energy poverty reduction and sustainable development (Objective 1).The analysis finds that the proportional share of income used to purchase fuel is larger in developing countries when compared with richer, more developed countries, and that extended periods of high oil prices may exacerbate poverty in developing countries which are dependent on oil imports. In addition to reducing this vulnerability, there is a strong (potential) synergy between the production and use of alternative liquid fuels and several of the United Nations sustainable development goals. These include the provision of affordable and clean energy, promoting economic growth, climate action, reducing inequality and improving health and wellbeing. Affordability is a key driver in the adoption (and continued use) of cleaner cooking fuels globally. Therefore, to be considered viable, the cost of domestically produced DME would have to be equal or lower than the cost of imported LPG. In this context, the remainder of the thesis is devoted to the technoeconomic evaluation of producing DME from three different feedstocks, each offering a different greenhouse gas emissions intensity.The first evaluation (Objective 2) is based on the conversion of low-grade Indian coal in Jharkhand, where 18% of households used coal as a cooking fuel in 2011. Based on using a similar (energy equivalent) quantity of coal, it was found that producing DME (with associated excess electricity) would likely require oil prices greater than $73 per barrel to be cost competitive with imported LPG.iii Additionally, and due to higher overall process and cooking energy efficiency, this approach could result in 36% less coal being consumed when compared with direct use of the coal for cooking and as a means of producing an equivalent amount of electricity.India's metropolitan cities generate large quantities of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), 90% of which is disposed of onto unsanitary landfills, creating major environmental and health concerns. This second evaluation (Objective 3) therefore considers the techno-economic merits of reducing some of these impacts by converting a portion of the MSW generated in Kolkata into DME. Results su...

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Estimation of Municipal Solid Waste Generation and Future Trends in Greater Metropolitan Regions of Kolkata, India

Cited by 42 publications

References 38 publications

Healthcare Waste Management: A Case Study from Sudan

Healthcare Waste Management: A Case Study from Sudan

Predictors of Recycling Intentions among the Youth: A Developing Country Perspective

Energy transitions in developing countries and the role of alternative liquid fuels in reducing energy poverty: exploring the use of domestically produced dimethyl ether (DME) to augment the use of imported liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as a clean cooking fuel in India

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