Estimation of Net Surface Heat Flux of Eastern Harbor, Alexandria Egypt using Different Techniques

Abstract

In this study, two different techniques have been applied to estimate the net surface heat flux (NSHF) of the Eastern Harbor. The first one based on equilibrium temperature which is easy and direct way to calculate NSHF from the sea in comparison to the traditional method (Bulk aerodynamic formula). This technique is based on short wave radiation, net long wave radiation and latent and sensible heat flux. Daily variability of NSHF has been studied during winter, spring and summer 2009-2010 and winter and summer 2010-2011, the surface meteorological data were collected from Nozha Air Port and sea surface temperature using the immersed temperature sensor at NIOF site. The out put NSHF values of the two techniques have the same trend and there are high correlation between them reached to 94% in winter 2009, 87% spring 2009, 97% summer 2010, 96% winter 2010 and 98% summer 2011. This gives us a good reason to apply the first technique to get NSHF. There is more heat loss (negative NSHF) during many days of the winter season and more heat gain (positive NSHF) during spring and summer seasons. Thermal Original Research Articleexchange coefficient varies from 6.55 (W m -2 °C -1 ) to 22.4 (W m -2 °C -1 ) and it has a direct relationship with wind speed and inverse relationship with (NSHF) and equilibrium temperature.

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“…The correlation between the thermal exchange coefficient γ (W.m 2 .°C) and the wind speed in the investigated months of spring and summer seasons is positive (+0.6) and is negative (-0.6) with the Q net . This agrees with the conclusions of Hussein and Mohamed (2016). On the other hand, the correlation between the net surface heat flux (Q net ) and the difference between T e and T SST is high (+0.97), which is in agreement with the conclusion of Hussein and Mohamed (2016).…”

“…This agrees with the conclusions of Hussein and Mohamed (2016). On the other hand, the correlation between the net surface heat flux (Q net ) and the difference between T e and T SST is high (+0.97), which is in agreement with the conclusion of Hussein and Mohamed (2016).…”

“…Where T e is the equilibrium temperature (°C), which is given as (Abualnaja 2009;Hussein and Mohamed 2016):…”

“…The sea surface is the lower boundary of the atmosphere, which affects and modifies conditions and status of weather throughout the variations in the sea surface temperature (SST) (Tonbol and El-Geziry 2015). This upper ocean layer is known to be significant for specific oceanographic and climatological applications such as remote sensing, climate modelling, global carbon cycle and heat flux (Laird and Kristovich 2002;Hussein and Mohamed 2016). The latter is crucial to examine numerous scientific applications, e.g., forecasting weather conditions, studying atmospheric circulation, investigating oceanic flows, examining the dynamics of thermal modifications in the lower atmosphere and the upper ocean (Abualnaja 2009).…”

“…The circulation and the wave patterns in the vicinity of the Harbour were modelled by Alam El-Din and Abdallah (1998). The air-sea interaction, together with the associated processes and fluxes in AEH, were examined and calculated by El-Geziry (2013); Hussein and El-Geziry (2014); Hussein and Mohamed (2016); Hussein (2017Hussein ( , 2018Hussein ( , 2019.…”