Estimation of optical abnormalities in breast phantom by diffuse equation

Implantable Nanosensors: Toward Continuous Physiologic Monitoring

“…Hemoglobin absorbs prolifically in the visible range; molar extinction coefficients range from ε > 100 000 cm –1 /M for λ = 400–460 nm and ε ∼ 30 000 cm –1 /M for λ = 500–600 nm . Fluorescein, a pH-responsive chromophore suitable for a wide range of sensor applications, has ε ∼ 90 000 cm –1 /M at λ = 496 nm . With hemoglobin and fluorescein having similar extinction coefficients and hemoglobin being nearly omnipresent at high concentrations in tissues, the challenge of producing a sufficiently strong photoacoustic sensor signal becomes apparent.…”

“…77 Fluorescein, a pH-responsive chromophore suitable for a wide range of sensor applications, has ε ∼ 90 000 cm −1 /M at λ = 496 nm. 78 With hemoglobin and fluorescein having similar extinction coefficients and hemoglobin being nearly omnipresent at high concentrations in tissues, the challenge of producing a sufficiently strong photoacoustic sensor signal becomes apparent.…”