Estimation of rare earth elements in Indian coal fly ashes for recovery feasibility as a secondary source

Sandeep, P.; Maity, Sukanta; Mishra, Saurabh; Chaudhary, Dilip Kumar; Dusane, C. B.; Pillai, Anilkumar S; Kumar, Alok

doi:10.1016/j.hazadv.2023.100257

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Coal fly ash (CFA), a byproduct of coal burning in thermal power plants, has recently gained attention as a potential resource for REYs [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. While challenges exist regarding low concentrations and extraction complexities since REYs are encapsulated within glassy particles [ 12 ], ongoing research and technological advancements are making it increasingly feasible to recover REYs from this unconventional source [ 13 ]. Further, this could contribute to more sustainable REY supply chains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and Health Risks Attributed to Rare Earth Elements in Coal Fly Ash

Slavković-Beškoski,

Ignjatović,

Ćujić

et al. 2024

Toxics

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The occurrence and distribution of yttrium and rare earth elements (REYs), along with major elements and heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) in coal fly ash (CFA) from five coal-fired power plants (CFPPs), were analyzed, and the REY-associated ecological and health risks were assessed. The individual REYs in CFA were abundant in the following order: Ce > La > Nd > Y > Pr > Gd > Sm > Dy > Er > Yb > Eu > Ho > Tb > Tm > Lu. The total REY content ranged from 135 to 362 mg/kg, averaging 302 mg/kg. The mean light-to-heavy REY ratio was 4.1, indicating prevalent light REY enrichment in CFA. Significantly positive correlations between the REYs suggested that they coexist and share similar origins in CFA. REYs were estimated to pose low to moderate ecological risks, with risk index (RI) values ranging from 66 to 245. The hazard index (HI) and target cancer risk (TCR) of REYs from CFA, estimated to be higher for children (HIc = 0.15, TCRc = 8.4 × 10−16) than for adults (HIa = 0.017, TCRa = 3.6 × 10−16), were well below the safety limits (HI = 1, TCR = 1.0 × 10−6). However, the danger to human health posed by HMs in the same CFA samples (HIc = 5.74, TCRc = 2.6 × 10−4, TCRa = 1.1 × 10−4) exceeded the safe thresholds (excl. HIa = 0.63). The mean RI and HI attributed to REYs in CFA were 14% and 2.6%, respectively, of the total risks that include HMs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and Health Risks Attributed to Rare Earth Elements in Coal Fly Ash

Slavković-Beškoski,

Ignjatović,

Ćujić

et al. 2024

Toxics

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“…Despite the environmental concerns associated with coal mining, it remains a complex issue intertwined with economic and political considerations, employing over 4.5 million people globally . Moreover, coal mining yields valuable byproducts like natural gas, pyrite, sulfur, and trace metals, including rare earth elements extracted during coal processing. , Coal finds essential applications beyond energy production, playing a pivotal role in steel manufacturing through the production of coke, cement, ammonia sourcing, and carbon-based products like activated carbon and carbon black (CB) . Additionally, coal tar pitch derived from coal is a crucial component in asphalt .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ink-Based Additive Manufacturing of a Polymer/Coal Composite: A Non-Traditional Reinforcement

Sundaravadivelan,

Ravichandran,

Dmochowska

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Eng. Mater.

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Coal, a crucial natural resource traditionally employed for generating carbonrich materials and powering global industries, has faced escalating scrutiny due to its adverse environmental impacts outweighing its utility in the contemporary world. In response to the worldwide shift toward sustainability, the United States alone has witnessed an approximate 50% reduction in coal consumption. Nevertheless, the ample availability of coal has spurred interest in identifying alternative sustainable applications. This research delves into the feasibility of utilizing coal as a nonconventional carbon-rich reinforcement in direct ink writing (DIW)-based 3D printing techniques. Our investigation here involves a thermosetting resin serving as a matrix, incorporating pulverized coal (250 μm in size) and carbon black as the reinforcement and a viscosity modifier, respectively. The ink formulation is meticulously designed to exhibit shear-thinning behavior essential for DIW 3D printing, ensuring uniform and continuous printing. Mechanical properties are assessed through the 3D printing of ASTM standard specimens to validate the reinforcing impact. Remarkably, the study reveals that a 2 wt % coal concentration in the ink leads to a substantial improvement in both tensile and flexural properties, resulting in enhancements of 35 and 12.5%, respectively. Additionally, the research demonstrates the printability of various geometries with coal as reinforcement, opening up new possibilities for coal utilization while pursuing more sustainable manufacturing and applications.

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“…It is important to highlight the relevance of studies capable of identifying probable environmental impacts originating from former mineral coal extraction sites, arguably the largest of which is the leaching of hazardous elements off-site [1,2]. The subsidy of environmental recovery projects that will guarantee the sustainability of such sites is key to protecting ecosystems on territorial macroscales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazardous Elements in Sediments Detected in Former Decommissioned Coal Mining Areas in Colombia: A Need for Environmental Recovery

et al. 2023

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This study demonstrates an investigation into nanomineralogical and geochemical evolution for the detection of hazardous elements from old, abandoned coal mining deposits capable of causing negative environmental impacts. The general objective of this study is to evaluate the number of nanoparticulate chemical elements in sediments collected during the years 2017 and 2022 from deactivated coal mining areas in the La Guajíra and Cesar regions of Colombia. Sediments were collected and analyzed from areas that experienced spontaneous coal combustion (SCC). The analysis consisted of traditional mineralogical analysis by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, nanomineralogy by field emission scanning electron microscope-FE-SEM, and high-resolution transmission electron microscope-HR-TEM (energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis system-EDS). The analyzed sediment samples contained high proportions of amorphous materials containing the chemical elements As, Cl, Hg, Mo, Pb, Sb, and Se. This study emphasizes the need to implement environmental recovery projects at former, now abandoned coal extraction areas located in the investigated region, as they have negative effects on the environment and human health across large regions.

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Estimation of rare earth elements in Indian coal fly ashes for recovery feasibility as a secondary source

Cited by 12 publications

References 52 publications

Ecological and Health Risks Attributed to Rare Earth Elements in Coal Fly Ash

Ecological and Health Risks Attributed to Rare Earth Elements in Coal Fly Ash

Ink-Based Additive Manufacturing of a Polymer/Coal Composite: A Non-Traditional Reinforcement

Hazardous Elements in Sediments Detected in Former Decommissioned Coal Mining Areas in Colombia: A Need for Environmental Recovery

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