Estimation of stream‐flow from alkalinity‐determinations

Lenz, Arno T.; Sawyer, Clair N.

doi:10.1029/tr025i006p01005

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The data for the Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios for Mill Creek are presented in Figures 1 and 2, re- spectively. Lenz and Sawyer ( 1944) found that during extended dry periods alkalinity was a highly variable function of discharge. However, during periods of change or increased discharge, alkalinity decreased in proportion to the increase in discharge.…”

Section: Relationship Of Stream Discharge and Water Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Chemical Composition of Freshwater Clamshells as Indicators of Paleohydrologic Conditions

Lee¹,

Wilson²

1969

Ecology

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The feasibility of using the Ca, Mg, and Sr content of freshwater clamshells as indicators of paleohydrologic conditions has been investigated. The Sr/Ca ratio varies with the discharge of Mill Creek, Iowa. The Sr/Ca ratios of clamshells excavated from American Indian midden sites near the Big Sioux River in Plymouth County, Iowa (Kimball Site 13 PM 4), and the Phipps site (13 CK 21) located near Mill Creek in Cherokee County, Iowa, show significant changes that can be related to changes in climate in the period 900 to 1400 A. D. Based on the results of this investigation, the alkaline earth composition of freshwater clams probably can be used as an indicator of paleohydrologic conditions.

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Section: Relationship Of Stream Discharge and Water Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Chemical Composition of Freshwater Clamshells as Indicators of Paleohydrologic Conditions

Lee¹,

Wilson²

1969

Ecology

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“…Each pair yields a series of simulated concentrations (C sim ) that can be compared with the observed concentrations (C obs ). Among the many numerical criteria that could be used, we chose the bounded version of the Nash and Sutcliffe (1970) efficiency criterion NSEB (Mathevet et al, 2006), which is commonly used in hydrological modeling. NSEB can be computed on concentrations or on discharge-weighted concentrations (which corresponds to the load).…”

Section: Numerical Identification Of the Parameters For The 2s-aps Rementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Nash and Sutcliffe (1970) efficiency (NSE) criterion is well known and widely used in the field of hydrology. The rescaling proposed by Mathevet et al (2006) transforms NSE into NSEB, which varies between −1 and 1 (its optimal value). The advantage of this rescaled version is to avoid the occurrence of large negative values (the original NSE criterion varies in the range [−∞, 1]).…”

Section: Numerical Identification Of the Parameters For The 2s-aps Rementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relationship between solute concentrations and river discharge (from now on "C-Q relationship") is an age-old topic in hydrology (see among others Durum, 1953;Hem, 1948;Lenz and Sawyer, 1944). It would be impossible to list here all the articles that have addressed this subject, and we refer our readers to the most recent reviews (e.g., Bieroza et al, 2018;Botter et al, 2019;Moatar et al, 2017) for an updated view of the ongoing research on C-Q relationships.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Technical note: A two-sided affine power scaling relationship to represent the concentration–discharge relationship

Neira

Andréassian

Tallec

et al. 2020

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. This technical note deals with the mathematical representation of concentration–discharge relationships. We propose a two-sided affine power scaling relationship (2S-APS) as an alternative to the classic one-sided power scaling relationship (commonly known as “power law”). We also discuss the identification of the parameters of the proposed relationship, using an appropriate numerical criterion. The application of 2S-APS to the high-frequency chemical time series of the Orgeval-ORACLE observatory is presented here (in calibration and validation mode): it yields better results for several solutes and for electrical conductivity in comparison with the power law relationship.

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“…An alternative hypothesis is that higher solute con-centrations in Central Creek were due to lower runoff from its basin. This hypothesis is based upon the fact that concentration and discharge are inversely correlated within streams [e.g., Lenz and Sawyer, 1944;Durum, 1953;Steele, 1968;Cleaves et al, 1970;Keller, 1970;Edwards, 1973;lineson, 1973;Johnson and Swank, 1973;Walling, 1975;Zeman and Slaymaker, 1975;Feller, 1976]. This should extend to differences between basins, all other things being equal.…”

Section: Potassium Concentration In Firmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time‐Variant Differences in Chemistry Among Four Small Streams

Teti¹

1984

Water Resources Research

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Concentrations of the major cations and silica were monitored in four small British Columbia CoastMountain streams during the 1976 snowmelt season. The four streams could be grouped into three unique classes using logarithmically transformed calcium and potassium concentrations. The two most similar basins fed streams that were chemically indistinguishable. The next most similar basin yielded runoff that was chemically similar to the other two except for unusually low K + concentration, possibly due to a shortage of biotite in the bedrock. The fourth stream had unusually high Ca + +, Mg + +, Na +, and silica concentrations due to the long residence time of groundwater from metamorphic rocks in its basin. Another different feature of that basin was the earlier depletion of its spring snowpack due to its south aspect. Time-variant differences in chemistry among streams were measured as changing ratios of solute concentrations over time. Differences among streams were time-variant due to time variance of interbasin runoff components. The relative contribution of groundwater increased in the basin with the metamorphic rocks and decreased in the other three basins over the summer. The chemical differences among streams were reflected in solute loads as well as solute concentrations. Therefore the major components of variable runoff and solute sources in the study area were high runoff and low solute yield from three basins on granite and low runoff but high solute yield from a basin on metamorphic rocks. INTRODUCTIONThe major controls of stream chemistry under natural conditions were identified by Gorham [1961] as climate, geology, topography, biota, and time. Although lithology and climate have more recently been identified as the dominant factors by some authors [e.g., Garrels and MacKenzie, 1971; Gregory and Walling, 1973], this is partly a result of the scale at which comparisons have been made. In comparing large rivers draining basins with rather different runoff and/or geology, it is not surprising that biologic and topographic factors would appear to be less important. However, the variables are statistically confounded, a situation that is well illustrated by Gibbs [1967], who accounted for 78% of the variability of dissolved solids in Amazon basin tributaries by the surrogate variable "relief' and found that 86% of the total solute load was derived from the mountainous headwaters which comprised only 12% of the drainage area. The importance of organic reactions and ecosystems in the mobilization, uptake, storage, and release of solutes to streams is well documented [e.g., Johnson et al., 1969; Cleaves et al., 1970; Edwards, 1973; Johnson, 1975; Freeze and Cherry, 1979, p. 117]. However, there have been few studies that have identified biologic differences as the controlling factor in chemical differences between streams. During periods of nonequilibrium, net changes in biomass chemical budgets have caused changes in stream chemistry. Feller [1976] observed increases in stream solute concentrations after logg...

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Estimation of stream‐flow from alkalinity‐determinations

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Use of Chemical Composition of Freshwater Clamshells as Indicators of Paleohydrologic Conditions

Use of Chemical Composition of Freshwater Clamshells as Indicators of Paleohydrologic Conditions

Technical note: A two-sided affine power scaling relationship to represent the concentration–discharge relationship

Time‐Variant Differences in Chemistry Among Four Small Streams

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