Estimation of U.S. sewer residence time distributions for national-scale risk assessment of down-the-drain chemicals

Kapo, Katherine E.; Paschka, Michael G.; Vamshi, Raghu; Sebasky, Megan; McDonough, Kathleen

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.075

Cited by 47 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…WWTPs A-F connect to sewer networks that primarily consist of gravity sewers. The average sewer transit times for these sewer networks ranged from 1.2 to 4.4 h with a mean of 2.6 AE 1.5 h, which resembled the estimated median transit time of 3.3 h for WWTPs of varying sizes across the U.S. 58 Together, these six WWTPs serve a total population of $396 300 in urban and suburban areas of central New York. Upon collection, samples were rst transported on ice to Biosafety Level 3 laboratories at SUNY-Upstate Medical University for SARS-CoV-2 RNA analysis as detailed in Green et al 59 Split samples ($40 mL) were frozen in the dark at À20 C and processed at Syracuse University for online SPE-LC-HRMS analysis as soon as practically possible.…”

Section: Wastewater Samplingmentioning

confidence: 58%

High-throughput wastewater analysis for substance use assessment in central New York during the COVID-19 pandemic

Wang

Green

Wilder

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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Section: Wastewater Samplingmentioning

confidence: 58%

High-throughput wastewater analysis for substance use assessment in central New York during the COVID-19 pandemic

Wang

Green

Wilder

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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“…1, Table 1). Finally, urban runoff collected in sewerage systems was delayed by time spent in sewers ( TT B,U = T B + sewer time), assumed equal to 4 h (Ort et al, 2014; Kapo et al, 2017). Conversely, no additional delay was applied to natural area emissions, as organic matter is transported to stream network mainly by surface flow, thus in this case basin travel time was assumed equal to subbasin time lag ( TT B,NAT = T B ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting biochemical oxygen demand in European freshwater bodies

Vigiak

Grizzetti

Údias

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

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Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is an indicator of organic pollution in freshwater bodies correlated to microbiological contamination. High BOD concentrations reduce oxygen availability, degrade aquatic habitats and biodiversity, and impair water use. High BOD loadings to freshwater systems are mainly coming from anthropogenic sources, comprising domestic and livestock waste, industrial emissions, and combined sewer overflows. We developed a conceptual model (GREEN + BOD ) to assess mean annual current organic pollution (BOD fluxes) across Europe. The model was informed with the latest available European datasets of domestic and industrial emissions, population and livestock densities. Model parameters were calibrated using 2008–2012 mean annual BOD concentrations measured in 2157 European monitoring stations, and validated with other 1134 stations. The most sensitive model parameters were abatement of BOD by secondary treatment and the BOD decay exponent of travel time. The mean BOD concentrations measured in monitored stations was 2.10 mg O 2 /L and predicted concentrations were 2.54 mg O 2 /L; the 90th percentile of monitored BOD concentration was 3.51 mg O 2 /L while the predicted one was 4.76 mg O 2 /L. The model could correctly classify reaches for BOD concentrations classes, from high to poor quality, in 69% of cases. High overestimations (incorrect classification by 2 or more classes) were 2% and large underestimations were 5% of cases. Across Europe about 12% of freshwater network was estimated to be failing good quality due to excessive BOD concentrations (>5 mg O 2 /L). Dominant sources of BOD to freshwaters and seas were point sources and emissions from intensive livestock systems. Comparison with previous assessments confirms a decline of BOD pollution since the introduction of EU legislation regulating water pollution.

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“…Consequently, highly relevant pulses might be missed by focusing only on specific hours of the day. Residence time of wastewater in sewers should also not be neglected since, depending on the size and architecture of the sewer system (i.e., gravity and/or pressurized sewers), wastewater pulses might reach the sampling point (e.g., influent of a WWTP) only hours after input [ 50 ]. Whilst, sampling only during the morning might be appealing to reduce non-human inputs and collect concentrated samples, there is a substantial risk of missing potentially relevant wastewater pulses and 24-hour composite sampling should be preferred.…”

Section: Quantification Of Sars-cov-2 Rna In Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of environmental surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 virus to support public health decisions: Opportunities and challenges

Medema

Béen

Heijnen

et al. 2020

Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health

305

338

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Analysing wastewater can be used to track infectious disease agents that are shed via stool and urine. Sewage surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 has been suggested as tool to determine the extent of COVID-19 in cities and serve as early warning for (re-)emergence of SARS-CoV-2 circulation in communities. The focus of this review is on the strength of evidence, opportunities and challenges for the application of sewage surveillance to inform public health decision making. Considerations for undertaking sampling programs are reviewed including sampling sites, strategies, sample transport, storage and quantification methods; together with the approach and evidence base for quantifying prevalence of infection from measured wastewater concentration. Published SARS-CoV-2 sewage surveillance studies (11 peer reviewed, and 10 pre-prints) were reviewed to demonstrate the current status of implementation to support public health decisions. Whilst being very promising, a number of areas were identified requiring additional research to further strengthen this approach and take full advantage of its potential. In particular, design of adequate sampling strategies, spatial and temporal resolution of sampling, sample storage, replicate sampling and analysis, controls for the molecular methods used for quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater. The use of appropriate prevalence data and methods to correlate or even translate SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in wastewater to prevalence of virus shedders in the population is discussed.

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Estimation of U.S. sewer residence time distributions for national-scale risk assessment of down-the-drain chemicals

Cited by 47 publications

References 23 publications

High-throughput wastewater analysis for substance use assessment in central New York during the COVID-19 pandemic

High-throughput wastewater analysis for substance use assessment in central New York during the COVID-19 pandemic

Predicting biochemical oxygen demand in European freshwater bodies

Implementation of environmental surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 virus to support public health decisions: Opportunities and challenges

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