Estimation using 3 scales of cardiometabolic risk in patients with cognitive impairment according to the Hashinsky score.

Abstract

Introduction: Insufficient attention has been paid in South America to the coexistence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk in individuals suffering from vascular dementia. The aim of this study is to examine cardiovascular risk stratification using the Framingham, PROCAM, and SCORE equations in patients diagnosed with vascular dementia, and to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Methodology: A cross-sectional research conducted between January 2020 and December 2022 on 100 persons with vascular dementia diagnoses. The ATP-III criteria were used to assess the existence of metabolic syndrome. The cardiovascular risk score was also analyzed, and patients were categorized as low, moderate, or high risk based on Framingham and PROCAM (<10%, 10%–20%, and >20%) and SCORE (<3%, 3%–4%, and ≥5%). Results Hypercholesterolemia (52%), followed by hypertension (48%) and smoking (39%), was the most common comorbidity. According to Framingham, 68%, 24%, and 8%, PROCAM, 61%, 29%, and 10%, and SCORE, 58%, 33%, and 9%, the prevalence of individuals with low, moderate, and high cardiovascular risk, respectively. Overall, there was modest but considerable agreement between these three risk functions (Framingham and PROCAM, к 0.54, p < 0.0001; Framingham and SCORE, к 0.47, p < 0.0001; PROCAM and SCORE, к 0.52, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The current study demonstrated a significant proportion of individuals with minimal cardiovascular risk. Cardiovascular risk factors should be taken into account when treating people with vascular dementia, as they are often related to poor outcomes due to the high burden of cardiovascular comorbidities.