Estradiol increases glucagon's satiating potency in ovariectomized rats

Geary, Nori; Asarian, Lori

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.4.r1290

Cited by 40 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Thus, MCH may be added to the growing list of orexigenic (e.g., ghrelin) and anorexigenic (e.g., cholecystokinin, glucagon, serotonin, leptin) compounds that are modulated by estradiol [39][40][41][42][43][44]. An important goal for future research is to determine the relative contribution of each of these compounds to the anorexigenic effect of estradiol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The orexigenic effect of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is influenced by sex and stage of the estrous cycle

Santollo

Eckel

2008

Physiology & Behavior

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Recently, it was shown that that the orexigenic effect of melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) is attenuated by estradiol treatment in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. This suggests that female rats may be less responsive than male rats to the behavioral effects of MCH. To investigate this hypothesis, the effects of lateral ventricular infusions of MCH on food intake, water intake, meal patterns, and running wheel activity were examined in male and female rats. To further characterize the impact of estradiol on MCH-induced food intake, female rats were OVX and tested with and without 17-β-estradiol benzoate (EB) replacement. In support of our hypothesis, food and water intakes following MCH treatment were greater in male rats, relative to female rats. Specifically, the orexigenic effect of MCH was maximal in male rats and minimal in EB-treated OVX rats. In both sexes, the orexigenic effect of MCH was mediated by a selective increase in meal size, which was attenuated in EB-treated OVX rats. MCH induced a short-term (2 h) decrease in wheel running that, unlike its effects on ingestive behavior, was similar in males and females. Thus, estradiol decreases some, but not all, of the behavioral effects of MCH. To examine the influence of endogenous estradiol, food intake was monitored following MCH treatment in ovarian-intact, cycling rats. As predicted by our findings in OVX rats, the orexigenic effect of MCH was attenuated in estrous rats, relative to diestrous rats. We conclude that the female rat's reduced sensitivity to the orexigenic effect of MCH may contribute to sex-and estrous cycle-related differences in food intake.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The orexigenic effect of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is influenced by sex and stage of the estrous cycle

Santollo

Eckel

2008

Physiology & Behavior

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“…The correlation between cholecystokinin (CCK) and estradiol is well-documented (61,62). Similar mechanisms may be in operation for glucagon as the effects of glucagon and glucagon antibodies, on decreased and increased meal size, respectively, were both enhanced by estradiol in a previous study of OVX animal models (59). In the absence of estradiol, food consumption and body weight are increased (63)(64)(65).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In addition, obesity-induced OVX mice exhibited an accumulation of fat deposition and cellular hypertrophy through the expansion of intra-abdominal adipose tissue (57,58). Estradiol has been shown to regulate eating and body weight by controlling the potency of the feedback signals that control meal size (59,60). The correlation between cholecystokinin (CCK) and estradiol is well-documented (61,62).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, increased digestive motility leads to stimulated fecal excretions, resulting in a reduction in body weight in rodents (66,67). Diuretics are able to decrease body weight (68,69) along estrogenic suppression, by enhancing the satiating potency of CCK (62) and glucagon (59). More detailed mechanistic studies are required to explore the anti-obesity effects of PCS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-climacterium effects of pomegranate concentrated solutions in ovariectomized ddY mice

Kang¹,

Choi²,

Kim³

et al. 2017

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. In the present study, the complex anti-climacterium potential of standardized pomegranate concentrated solution (PCS) was investigated using bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) female ddY mice. Changes in body weight and gain during experimental periods, food consumption, serum estradiol levels, total body and abdominal fat densities, abdominal fat pads, and uterus weights were observed, along with the histopathology of abdominal fat pads and uterus for anti-obesity and estrogenic effects. In addition, liver weights, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and histopathological inspections were performed to explore the hepato-protective effects. Serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein, and triglyceride (TG) levels were monitored for hypolipidemic effects with total body and femur mean bone mineral density (BMD), right femur wet, dry and ash weights, strength, serum osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bALP) contents, and histological and histomorphometrical analyses for anti-osteoporosis activity. As a result of OVX, notable increases in body weight and gains, food consumption, abdominal fat mass densities, weights of abdominal fat pads deposited in the abdominal cavity, and serum AST, ALT, TC, LDL, TG, and osteocalcin levels were observed, along with decreases in the uterus, liver, and femur weights, mean total body and femur BMD, femur strength, serum bALP, and estradiol levels. In addition, marked hypertrophic alterations in adipocytes located in the deposited abdominal fat pads, liver steatosis, uterine disused atrophic changes, and decreases in bone mass and structures of the femur were also observed in OVX control mice with significant increases in bone resorption markers based on histopathological and histomorphometrical analysis. However, these estrogen-deficient climacterium symptoms were significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01) inhibited after 84 days of continuous treatment with estradiol and PCS (1, 2 and 4 ml/kg), respectively. The present results suggested that PCS was able to effectively inhibit or refine the climacterium symptoms, including obesity, hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and osteoporosis, induced by OVX in ddY mice.

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“…The same group subsequently showed that estradiol enhanced CCK-induced c-Fos labeling in the same region as well as in the paraventricular nucleus and the central nucleus of the amygdala, other regions involved in regulation of food intake (11). Interestingly, estradiol also augmented glucagonmediated satiety signaling in ovariectomized rats (12).…”

Section: Every Organism Ingests Food (Energy) If It Takes In Toomentioning

confidence: 93%

Regulating food intake

Cupples

2003

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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EVERY ORGANISM INGESTS FOOD (energy). If it takes in toolittle, it will starve; if it takes in too much, it will become obese. Too little is readily defined as caloric intake less than expenditure, and too much is simply the opposite. Multiple regulatory pathways are known that promote and inhibit feeding and thus regulate energy balance. However, these pathways and their interactions remain incompletely understood. As we are in the midst of an epidemic of obesity, there is considerable urgency to understand how food intake is regulated. Recent publications in the American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology have addressed a number of important questions in this field.Monogenic obesity, such as the various loss of function mutants of leptin and its receptors, is rare outside the laboratory. Much of human obesity is instead multifactorial and usually involves relative overconsumption. Both internal and external factors contribute to this overconsumption. As with humans (17), so with rats (16), palatability of a meal affects the amount consumed, the rate of consumption, and subsequent metabolic processing. Rats given a diet with highenergy density (typically a high-fat diet) can be separated a posteriori into individuals that are susceptible or resistant to diet-induced obesity (18), and selective breeding indicates that this is a polygenic trait. Commerford et al. (7) could show no difference in lipogenic capacity or dietary fat retention between obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats. Accordingly, they concluded that increased energy intake was necessary for the accelerated weight gain. Both energy density and palatability of the diet appear to contribute independently to weight gain (19). Recent work also addresses the question of why some individuals are more responsive than others to changes in caloric intake. Leptin is secreted by white adipocytes in proportion to fat mass and is thus well suited to signal energy content (36). Acting centrally, leptin reduces food intake and increases energy expenditure. However, it is well known that diet-induced obesity is associated with leptin resistance. A study by Lin et al. (21) demonstrated rapid induction of leptin resistance when rats were switched from a low-to a high-fat diet and vice versa. These results were interpreted to indicate that dietary fat per se may induce leptin resistance. In another study, leptin sensitivity was assessed before exposure to highenergy diet. Those rats with the lowest leptin sensitivity (i.e., leptin resistance) had the largest subsequent weight gain, indicating that leptin resistance predicts diet-induced obesity (20).Despite the emphasis on diet-induced obesity, these and other studies also highlight the extent to which body weight is regulated and some of the variables that are monitored to do so. Sequential dietary manipulation showed that both obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats defend their body weights (19). Female musk shrews, which have little stored energy, must monitor multiple ...

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Estradiol increases glucagon's satiating potency in ovariectomized rats

Cited by 40 publications

References 36 publications

The orexigenic effect of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is influenced by sex and stage of the estrous cycle

The orexigenic effect of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is influenced by sex and stage of the estrous cycle

Anti-climacterium effects of pomegranate concentrated solutions in ovariectomized ddY mice

Regulating food intake

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