Estressores E Coping Vivenciados Por Enfermeiros Em Um Serviço De Atendimento Pré-Hospitalar

Abstract

Pesquisa realizada em um Serviço Pré-Hospitalar (SAMU) de Porto Alegre, em 2007. Objetivos: identificar estressores vivenciados por enfermeiros que atuam no SAMU, identificar estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas para lidar com o estresse no ambiente de trabalho e as repercussões na assistência aos usuários. Participaram 15 enfermeiros e os dados foram coletados mediante o "Inventário de Estresse em Enfermeiros" e analisados com o SPSS-7.5 e estatística descritiva. Estressores: esforço físico, falta de material e pessoal, salário, conflitos entre eles e médicos, competitividade, desgaste emocional, atividades administrativas, responsabilidade pela qualidade dos serviços prestados, política institucional, restrição da autonomia profissional e de espaço para discutir sentimentos. Quanto a interferência dos estressores na assistência, destacam-se falta de treinamento/qualificação e materiais. Os resultados podem significar subsídios para ampliar a qualidade de vida, com repercussões no desempenho, na saúde e na qualidade da assistência.

Occupational stress of nurses in emergency care: an integrative review of the literature

“…In this context, nurses require knowledge, effort and skills, (4)(5)(6)11) as well as rapid and effective decision-making (6). In this situation, stress arises as a complex and dynamic physiological and psychological response in the body, triggered when the individual is faced with stressors, which may produce physical and psychological diseases.Thus, occupational stress is determined by the perception of the professional about his/her work demands as stressors, and by his/her ability to face them (4)(5)(6)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) .…”

“…Studies have shown that when faced with a stressor, the body experiences three phases: in the first, a phase of alarm or alert, the body identifies the stressor and activates the neuroendocrine system.The second phase, of adaptation or resistance, is the moment in which the body repairs damage caused by the alarm reaction and reduces hormonal levels.The third phase occurs if the stressor remains present, this is the phase of exhaustion, that comprises the onset of a disease associated with stress (1,7) . Therefore, it is important that nurses who work in an urgent and emergency care setting recognize the stressors in their work environments, and their repercussions on the health-disease process, and seek solutions to mitigate them and face them, preventing damage to their health and guaranteeing good care for their patients (6) . Knowledge of this process is relevant, however, it is considered that the meaning that professionals confer upon their work is a protective factor against illnesses.…”

“…In this situation, stress arises as a complex and dynamic physiological and psychological response in the body, triggered when the individual is faced with stressors, which may produce physical and psychological diseases.Thus, occupational stress is determined by the perception of the professional about his/her work demands as stressors, and by his/her ability to face them (4)(5)(6)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) . Thus, the stressor is a factor that generates feelings of tension, anxiety, fear or threat, and may have an internal or external origin.The damage provoked by these factors depends on the vulnerability of every human being, personality, culture, and values, among others (6) .…”

“…In this situation, stress arises as a complex and dynamic physiological and psychological response in the body, triggered when the individual is faced with stressors, which may produce physical and psychological diseases.Thus, occupational stress is determined by the perception of the professional about his/her work demands as stressors, and by his/her ability to face them (4)(5)(6)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) . Thus, the stressor is a factor that generates feelings of tension, anxiety, fear or threat, and may have an internal or external origin.The damage provoked by these factors depends on the vulnerability of every human being, personality, culture, and values, among others (6) . Studies have shown that when faced with a stressor, the body experiences three phases: in the first, a phase of alarm or alert, the body identifies the stressor and activates the neuroendocrine system.The second phase, of adaptation or resistance, is the moment in which the body repairs damage caused by the alarm reaction and reduces hormonal levels.The third phase occurs if the stressor remains present, this is the phase of exhaustion, that comprises the onset of a disease associated with stress (1,7) .…”

“…Considering this context, the role of the nurse in urgent and emergency care is evaluated as a trigger of physical and emotional wear and stress, since the environment in which s/he operates includes the joint action of a multidisciplinary team, committed to the requirements of the work process, and responsible for the well-being and lives of patients (6,7) . Health professionals who work in urgent and emergency care, on a daily basis, are confronted with situations that require such rapid conduct that, at times, simultaneous actions are demanded without prior planning.Therefore, they require knowledge, self-control and efficiency in providing patient care, in order not to commit errors.…”