Estrogen and exercise may be related to body fat distribution and leptin in young women

Puder, Jardena J.; Gupta, Surupa Sen; Wang, Jack; Ferin, Michel; Warren, Michelle P.

doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.02.085

Cited by 35 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The marked sexual dimorphism in plasma leptin responses to physical exercise was shown in the study of humans (Sandoval et al, 2003). The mechanism of leptin secretion is amenable to gonadal steroids (Kraemer et al, 2003;Puder et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Plasma concentration of leptin and ghrelin in Standardbred foals as related to the age, sex, exercise and training

Kędzierski¹,

Kapica²

2008

Animal

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The effect of acute exercise was studied in a group of 42 clinically healthy young Standardbred trotters. These trotters had been divided into four groups according to their age. Their ages were from 1.5 to 3 years. Three jugular venous blood samples were collected via venipuncture from each horse. These samples were collected while (1) at rest, (2) after the end of the exercise and (3) 30 min after the end of the exercise. Exercise showed a significant increase in plasma leptin concentration (3.8 6 0.31 at rest v. 4.3 6 0.37 just after exercise and 4.4 6 0.47 ng/ml after a 30-min rest; ANOVA P , 0.05). The difference between values obtained 30 min after exercise and at rest was significantly greater in 1.5-year-old horses than in those aged 2.5 years (11.3 6 0.43 v. 10.1 6 0.15 ng/ml; ANOVA P , 0.05). The mean plasma leptin concentration was higher in fillies than in colts (4.9 6 0.47 v. 3.5 6 0.36 ng/ml; ANOVA P , 0.05). A positive correlation between the plasma concentrations of leptin and triacylglycerides measured just after exercise was detected (r 5 0.65). The acute exercise significantly increased the plasma concentration of ghrelin that was measured just after exercise (1255 6 55.9 v. 1127 6 54.2 pg/ml; ANOVA P , 0.05). The exercise-induced age-related changes in the plasma ghrelin concentration were significantly lower in 2.5-year-old trotters than in 1.5-year olds. To sum up, the changes in plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations during bouts of exertion tend to decrease with age and/or training of Standardbred foals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Plasma concentration of leptin and ghrelin in Standardbred foals as related to the age, sex, exercise and training

Kędzierski¹,

Kapica²

2008

Animal

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“…Mattiasson et al (2002) found decreased intra-abdominal and intra-pelvic fat compartments in postmenopausal women after one year of estrogen treatment. Puder et al (2006) found that serum estradiol level was inversely associated with central fat accumulation in women with regular menstrual cycles. The cytochrome P450c17α gene ( CYP17 ) plays an important role in the biosynthesis of estrogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

A family-based association study identified CYP17 as a candidate gene for obesity susceptibility in Caucasians

Yan¹,

Guo²,

Yang³

et al. 2012

Genet. Mol. Res.

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The cytochrome P450c17α gene (CYP17) encodes a key biosynthesis enzyme of estrogen, which is critical in regulating adipogenesis and adipocyte development in humans. We therefore hypothesized that CYP17 is a candidate gene for predicting obesity. In order to test this hypothesis, we performed a family-based association test to investigate the relationship between the CYP17 gene and obesity phenotypes in a large sample comprising 1873 subjects from 405 Caucasian nuclear families of European origin recruited by the Osteoporosis Research Center of Creighton University, USA. Both single SNPs and haplotypes were tested for associations with obesity-related phenotypes, including body mass index (BMI) and fat mass. We identifiedthree SNPs to be significantly associated with BMI, including rs3740397, rs6163, and rs619824. We further characterized the linkage disequilibrium structure for CYP17 and found that the whole CYP17 gene was located in a single-linkage disequilibrium block. This block was observed to be significantly associated with BMI. A major haplotype in this block was significantly associated with both BMI and fat mass. In conclusion, we suggest that the CYP17 gene has an effect on obesity in the Caucasian population. Further independent studies will be needed to confirm our findings.

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“…This timing suggests that the female sex steroid pattern is important in adipose tissue metabolism. A negative relationship between serum estrogen levels and trunk-toextremity fat ratio is shown in pre-menopausal women [4]. It is also seen after treatment with estrogens and anti-androgens in male-tofemale transsexual individuals, who show increases in fat cell size and subcutaneous (s.c.) fat area, but reductions in basal lipolytic activity [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Estrogens and Glucocorticoid Hormones in Adipose Tissue Metabolism

Mattsson¹,

Olsson

2007

CMC

119

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Women have a higher percentage of body fat than men, and there is a gender-specific difference in fat distribution: Females tend to accumulate fat around the hips, buttocks, and thighs while men have a larger intra-abdominal (visceral) fat mass. After menopause, there is a redistribution of fat depots, and post-menopausal women develop increased amounts of visceral fat. The risk of developing obesity-related diseases is significantly lower in pre-menopausal women compared to men, a difference that is abolished after menopause, suggesting that the female sex steroid estrogen influences adipogenesis and adipose metabolism. Experimentally, estrogen increases the size and number of subcutaneous adipocytes and attenuates lipolysis. Post-menopausal women also develop a more atherogenic lipid pattern and decreased levels of the prothrombotic protein plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, which attenuates fibrinolysis. Pathologically increased circulating cortisol concentration is associated with dysmetabolic features e.g., central obesity, elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. In "simple obesity," glucocorticoid production is elevated. Peak levels of circulating cortisol are however low or normal, possibly because of increased clearance and/or tissue-specific changes in cortisol production. In addition to the adrenal production of cortisol, cortisol is also generated in adipose tissue by the enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11betaHSD1) which converts inactive cortisone to active cortisol. The enzyme activity in subcutaneous fat increases with increasing body weight. Estrogen seems to have a tissue-specific influence on 11betaHSD1 enzyme activity, attenuating it in liver, kidney, and testis but upregulating 11betaHSD1 mRNA expression in preadipocytes from women. In the present review, we summarize and discuss the interaction between glucocorticoids and sex steroids and their influence on adipocyte metabolism.

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Estrogen and exercise may be related to body fat distribution and leptin in young women

Cited by 35 publications

References 43 publications

Plasma concentration of leptin and ghrelin in Standardbred foals as related to the age, sex, exercise and training

Plasma concentration of leptin and ghrelin in Standardbred foals as related to the age, sex, exercise and training

A family-based association study identified CYP17 as a candidate gene for obesity susceptibility in Caucasians

Estrogens and Glucocorticoid Hormones in Adipose Tissue Metabolism

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