Estrogen and Progesterone Control of Gene Expression in the Mouse Meibomian Gland

Suzuki, Tomo; Schirra, F.; Richards, Stephen M.; Jensen, Roderick V.; Sullivan, David A.

doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1458

Cited by 79 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…However, their enzymatic epoxidation through cytochrome P450, for example, is a possibility. CYP2B12 transcripts were found in the mouse skin and meibomian glands ( 32,33 ). Suzuki et al ( 33 ) studied the cytochrome P450 gene regulation by 17 ␤ -estradiol in mouse meibomian glands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human tear film and meibum. Very long chain wax esters and (O-acyl)-omega-hydroxy fatty acids of meibum

Butovich

Wojtowicz

Molai

2009

Journal of Lipid Research

159

158

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by various laboratories during the last few decades ( 1-8 ).In TF, meibum is believed to form its outermost layer, which retards evaporation of water from the bulk of TF and from the ocular surface beneath it ( 7 ). Yet another function of meibum is to form a hydrophobic barrier along the margins of the eyelids to contain TF at, and prevent it from leaking out of, the designated ocular surface area ( 2 ). These protective functions imply a very hydrophobic nature of meibum. Indeed, the major meibum components were identifi ed as various wax esters (WEs) and cholesteryl esters (CEs) with long-chain and very longchain FA ( 9-11 ). The information on acylglycerol content of meibum is more limited as no defi nite structural information on the putative meibomian acylglycerols is currently available ( 12, 13 ). Interestingly, lipidomic analyses of human meibum demonstrated that its composition is distinctively different from that of sebum. For example, free cholesterol, squalene, ceramides (Cers), and typical phospholipids were shown to be minor components of meibum ( 9-11, 14, 15 ), although they dominated in the skin ( 16,17 ).Meibum has been analyzed using various experimental techniques, discussion of which goes beyond the scope of this article. Recently, we published preliminary results on the lipid composition of human meibum and tears ( 9-11, 15 ). The major method employed in these studies was normal phase high performance liquid chromatography in combination with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (NP HPLC-MS). The main advantage of the NP HPLC is its ability to separate different classes of lipids. For example, mono-, di-, and triacylglycerols (MAGs, DAGs, and TAGs, respectively) elute as three distinctively different groups of HPLC peaks and so do other groups of lipids (free FAs and their amides and Meibum is a lipid-rich secretion that is produced by Meibomian glands located at the ocular lid margins of both upper and lower eyelids of various mammals and humans. Meibum is an intrinsic part of the human tear fi lm (TF), the main role of which is to protect the ocular surface from dehydration. Among other proposed functions of TF are antimicrobial, lubricatory, and nutritional ones. For general information on meibum and TF, the reader is advised to read earlier comprehensive reviews published

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human tear film and meibum. Very long chain wax esters and (O-acyl)-omega-hydroxy fatty acids of meibum

Butovich

Wojtowicz

Molai

2009

Journal of Lipid Research

159

158

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Historically, this system, including lachrymal and Meibomian glands, cornea, conjunctiva and the lids has been suggested to be target of steroids and to be especially linked to the gender and hormonal fluctuations. Successively, it was found that these structures possess oestrogen, androgen, progesterone, mineralcorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors [6][7][8][9][10][11][12], and steroidogenic enzymes, listed below, suggesting an intrinsic ability of metabolizing circulating steroids. Steroid sulfatase, 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17beta-HSD types 1 and 3, aromatase, glucuronosyltransferase, in the human lacrimal gland, Meibomian gland, cornea, and conjunctiva, and the steroid sulfotransferase only in the lacrimal and Meibomian glands [8].…”

Section: Extra-neural Oestrogen In the Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, it was discovered that the oestrogen 17β-oestradiol (E2) is locally formed in the retina via a cholesterol-based synthesis and testosterone aromatization [2,5]. As well, oestrogen, androgen, progesterone, mineralcorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors were identified throughout the eye regions, including the retina [5,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. These findings opened up new avenues of the eye research, revealing previously unknown signaling substrates, the neurosteroids, and the likelihood that locally synthesized neurosteroid E2 could influence visual processing and eye diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The estrogenic retina: The potential contribution to healthy aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases of the retina

et al. 2015

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“…Pellets containing vehicle (placebo), 17β-estradiol (0.1 mg/pellet), progesterone (10 mg), or a combination of 17β-estradiol and progesterone were implanted subcutaneously in the ovariectomized mice. The pellets (21-day timed-release) were obtained from Innovative Research of America (Sarasota, FL) and were designed for the constant release of placebo or physiological amounts of sex steroid (Xu et al 2006;Suzuki et al 2008). An incision was made in the backside of the mouse, followed by bilateral removal of the ovaries.…”

Section: Ovarian Hormone Effect On Sp Cell Distribution In the Injurementioning

confidence: 99%

Endometrial Injury Increases Side Population Cells in the Uterine Endometrium: A Decisive Role of Estrogen

Hyodo

Matsubara

Kameda

et al. 2011

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Normal endometrial growth is essential for embryonic implantation and maintenance of pregnancy. The uterine endometrium contains stem cells that are involved in tissue regeneration. Side population cells (SP cells) are an emerging cell population that may be responsible for the regeneration process of uterine endometrium. In this study, we investigated the changes in the distribution of SP cells using a mouse model of uterine endometrial injury that was induced by peritoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The uterine horns were collected 0, 6, 12, and 18 hours after LPS injection. ATP-binding cassette and sub-family G member 2 (Abcg2) is highly expressed on the cellular membrane of some stem and progenitor cells, and was used as a marker for SP cells. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that Abcg2-positive cells were increased around the uterine endometrial glands from 6 to 12 h after LPS injection. The percentage of Abcg2-positive cells was calculated using flow cytometry. The percentage of stromal SP cells was significantly higher at 6 h after LPS injection, compared with the value before the injection (3.01 ± 0.41% vs. 1.63 ± 0.31%, P < 0.05). To evaluate the influence of ovarian hormones, we implanted pellets containing 17β-estradiol (0.1 mg), progesterone (10 mg), or a combination of 17β-estradiol and progesterone in the bilaterally ovariectomized mice. Ovariectomy abolished the increase in SP cells, which was restored by estradiol, but not by progesterone or the combination treatment. In conclusion, estrogen is required for the increase of SP cells, thereby leading to the regeneration of the uterine endometrium.

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Estrogen and Progesterone Control of Gene Expression in the Mouse Meibomian Gland

Cited by 79 publications

References 70 publications

Human tear film and meibum. Very long chain wax esters and (O-acyl)-omega-hydroxy fatty acids of meibum

Human tear film and meibum. Very long chain wax esters and (O-acyl)-omega-hydroxy fatty acids of meibum

The estrogenic retina: The potential contribution to healthy aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases of the retina

Endometrial Injury Increases Side Population Cells in the Uterine Endometrium: A Decisive Role of Estrogen

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