Estrogen, Progesterone, and the Blood-Uterine Lumen Permeability Barrier in Rats1

McRae, Ann C.; Kennedy, T. G.

doi:10.1095/biolreprod25.2.314

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In the rodent uterus, early responses to estrogen include changes in vascular permeability, water imbibition, and cellular infiltration [26][27][28]. Many of these responses are similar to the inflammatory response possibly regulated by various mediators of inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of eosinophils in uterine responses to estrogen

Pérez¹

1996

Biology of Reproduction

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Administration of estradiol (E2) to ovariectomized mice results in a dramatic increase in uterine growth and an influx of eosinophilic leukocytes. This influx is mediated by stimulation of an E2-dependent eosinophilic chemotactic factor in the uterus (ECF-U). The role of this eosinophil infiltration in uterus is presently unknown but could involve early growth and/or remodeling processes. In an attempt to better define eosinophil function in uterine tissue, we produced ovariectomized mice severely depleted of circulating eosinophils by administration of a purified rat IgG monoclonal antibody against interleukin-5 (IL-5). Seven days later, animals were submitted to estradiol treatment. Experimental groups included mice treated with saline alone, saline followed by E2, IgG followed by E2, and anti-IL-5 followed by E2. Pretreatment with IL-5 antibodies led to no significant alteration in E2-induced increase in uterine wet weight. However, histological evaluation demonstrated a clear and almost complete blockade of E2-stimulated influx of eosinophils in anti-IL-5 treated animals. In addition, IL-5 antibody administration significantly reduced E2-induced increase in peroxidase activity. Dramatic reduction of eosinophils did not affect E2 stimulation of ECF-U activity by stromal cells or complement C3 synthesis by the epithelial cells. Thus, it appears that differences in E2 responses in eosinophil-deficient mice are not directly associated with presence or absence of eosinophils. Taken together, these data suggest that eosinophils most likely do not contribute to early growth in the E2-stimulated uterus. A possible role in other events such as remodeling remains to be elucidated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of eosinophils in uterine responses to estrogen

Pérez¹

1996

Biology of Reproduction

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“…The uterine luminal environment is separated from the surrounding uterine tissue by a permeability barrier which exhibits complex behaviour towards blood-borne substances (McRae & Kennedy, 1981, 1983a and seems to function more broadly than the simple exclusion of certain substances from the uterine lumen (see McRae, 1984McRae, , 1988, for reviews). The composition of this environment at any given time will depend upon a balance between the influx and efflux of material across the luminal and glandular epithelia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uterine vascular permeability, blood flow and extracellular fluid space during implantation in rats

McRae

Heap²

1988

Reproduction

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Vascular permeability to plasma proteins in uterine implantation and non-implantation sites (i.e. dye sites and non-dye sites) was assessed quantitatively by a method which accounts for steady-state volumes of distribution. Extracellular fluid volume and uterine blood flow were also determined. On both the evening of Day 5 and the morning of Day 6, vascular permeability to 125I-labelled human serum albumin, extracellular fluid volume and blood flow were significantly increased in implantation sites compared to non-implantation sites. Vascular permeability in implantation sites was increased significantly between Days 5 and 6, whereas that in non-implantation sites was unchanged. This increase in vascular permeability between Days 5 and 6 was not accompanied by further increases in extracellular fluid volume and blood flow. This result shows a dissociation between vascular permeability and extracellular fluid volume immediately after the onset of implantation and raises important questions as to whether the rat uterus undergoes a truly oedematous response at implantation as has been generally accepted.

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“…However, Howards, lessee and Johnson (1976) detected a permeability barrier to urea that existed between the blood and seminiferous tubule fluid whereas Johanson and Woodbury (1978) found similar barriers to urea between blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Subsequently, McRae and Kennedy (1981) found a permeability barrier to urea between blood and the uterine lumen in rats when treated hormonally to mimic early pseudopregnancy. These authors suggested that further experiments were required to determine whether micromolecules such as protein, minerals (ions) or energy substrates might have any influence on preimplantation embryonic survival or growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Protein Upon Concentrations of Urea in Peripheral Plasma and Uterine Fluid in Dairy Cattle

Hossain

McMeniman

2001

Khulna Univ. Stud.

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There have been concerns that elevated urea nitrogen concentrations in uterine fluid had significant effects on bovine spermatozoal motility and survival. However, it is still uncertain whether dietary protein has any effects upon concentration of urea nitrogen and ammonia in the peripheral plasma and uterine fluid in dairy cattle. The objectives of the study were to investigate the effects of dietary protein intake on concentrations of (i) urea nitrogen in the uterine fluid, (ii) ammonia in the blood and (iii) urea nitrogen in the peripheral plasma. Six lactating, non-pregnant and normally cycling Friesian cows were used in two randomly divided equal groups, receiving either a low or high dietary protein intake. Uterine fluids and blood samples were collected from each cow and uterine urea nitrogen; blood ammonia and plasma urea nitrogen concentrations were measured. The study showed that the cows fed the high protein (HP) diet had significantly higher uterine urea nitrogen, blood ammonia and plasma urea nitrogen concentrations than cows fed the low protein (LP) diet. The results revealed that the concentration of urea nitrogen in the uterine fluid were higher in cows fed HP diet compared with those fed a LP diet. These results suggested that high concentrations of urea in the plasma could diffuse into the uterine lumen and might create a sub-optimal environment in the uterus, which might act as an antagonist to fertility. The high level of blood ammonia and plasma urea nitrogen concentration in the HP fed cows, which could occur due to high protein intake, may affect the viability of sperm, ova and embryos and the growth and survival of the foetus by producing biochemical, endocrionological and tissue derangement. Therefore, it is likely that excessive concentration of urea nitrogen in peripheral plasma and uterine fluid and plasma ammonia of high protein fed lactating cows may be detrimental to the viability of sperm, ova, embryos or foetus.

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Estrogen, Progesterone, and the Blood-Uterine Lumen Permeability Barrier in Rats1

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Role of eosinophils in uterine responses to estrogen

Role of eosinophils in uterine responses to estrogen

Uterine vascular permeability, blood flow and extracellular fluid space during implantation in rats

Effects of Dietary Protein Upon Concentrations of Urea in Peripheral Plasma and Uterine Fluid in Dairy Cattle

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