Estrogen Replacement Therapy In Older Women: A Neuropsychological And Brain MRI Study

Schmidt, Reinhold; Fazekas, Franz; Reinhart, B.; Kapeller, Peter; Fazekas, G.; Offenbacher, H.; Eber, Bernd; Schumacher, Martin; Freidl, Wolfgang

doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1996.tb01400.x

Cited by 197 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…On the other hand, we observed better results in the capacity to integrate information in the group treated with isoflavone (recall of semantically related words), but no improvement in the capacity to form www.bjournal.com.br Braz J Med Biol Res 43 (11) 2010 new memories (episodic declarative memory). These results agree with those obtained by other investigators (12)(13)(14). Our results point to a possible beneficial effect of isoflavone on some abilities of the central executive (e.g., manipulation and integration of information).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Effects of isoflavone on the learning and memory of women in menopause: a double-blind placebo-controlled study

Santos-Galduróz

Galduróz

Facco

et al. 2010

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Effects of isoflavone on the learning and memory of women in menopause: a double-blind placebo-controlled study

Santos-Galduróz

Galduróz

Facco

et al. 2010

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…No differences between groups were found for other measures of atrophy such as sulcal widening or white matter lesions [16]. Hormone users do not differ in ventricular volume, but have smaller white matter hyperintensities [23] and ventricular volume was less likely to increase with time in hormone users as compared to non-users [3]. Hippocampal volumes are larger with long-term estrogen use as opposed to tamoxifen, but hormone users do not differ from those on no hormone therapy [5].…”

Section: Disclosure Statementmentioning

confidence: 83%

Preliminary evidence that long-term estrogen use reduces white matter loss in aging

Janowsky

2007

Neurobiology of Aging

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Despite numerous studies showing neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of estrogen in animal models, the long-term effects of estrogen use on brain morphology in older women are not known. Thus, we compared ventricular, cerebrospinal fluid, white matter, and gray matter volumes estimated from magnetic resonance images of postmenopausal women with more than 20 years exposure to unopposed estrogen, women who were not on estrogen, and young healthy women. Estrogen users had significantly smaller ventricles and greater white matter volumes than non-users, but hormone exposure did not affect gray matter volumes. Young healthy women had significantly smaller ventricles, less cerebrospinal fluid and more gray matter than both groups of older women. However, they had comparable white matter volumes to older women on estrogen. These findings suggest that long-term estrogen protects against white matter loss in aging. This adds to findings from other studies suggesting estrogen is neuroprotective of the hippocampus and other regions in older women.

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“…These studies of estrogen's neuroprotective effects involve women on very longterm estrogen therapy, often from the time of menopause to the late decades of life. This evidence suggests a neuroprotective role for estrogen; however, conflicting results suggest no structural brain effects of hormone use (Low et al, 2006), including ventricle size (Schmidt et al, 1996). Additionally, in a study with age-matched groups, shorter durations of hormone use (10 years or less) spares more prefrontal tissue than longer durations (Erickson et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Estrogen modifies arousal but not memory for emotional events in older women

Pruis

Neiss

Leigland

et al. 2009

Neurobiology of Aging

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Emotional arousal and the affective content of events influence memory. These effects shift with age such that older people find negative information less arousing and remember proportionately more positive events compared to the young. The emotional enhancement of memory is mediated by medial temporal lobe limbic structures and the prefrontal cortex, which are both affected by sex hormones. We examined whether hormone use (estrogen or estrogen and progesterone) in older women modulated perceptions of valence and arousal, and subsequent memory for emotional images or stories. Their performance was compared to younger women. Hormone use in older women resulted in higher arousal for negative images and stories but memory was not affected. We hypothesize that estrogen modifies the influence of the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex on emotion, but that agerelated changes in the hippocampus prevent the enhancement of emotional memory in older women.

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Estrogen Replacement Therapy In Older Women: A Neuropsychological And Brain MRI Study

Abstract: Our study demonstrated an association between estrogen replacement therapy and better cognitive functioning and a lower rate of clinically unsuspected ischemic brain damage in postmenopausal women.

Cited by 197 publications

References 44 publications

Effects of isoflavone on the learning and memory of women in menopause: a double-blind placebo-controlled study

Effects of isoflavone on the learning and memory of women in menopause: a double-blind placebo-controlled study

Preliminary evidence that long-term estrogen use reduces white matter loss in aging

Estrogen modifies arousal but not memory for emotional events in older women

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