Estudios de línea base en captación de semilla, cultivo y perlicultura en la ostra perlera alada Pteria sterna (Gould 1851) en la costa de Piura, Perú

Abstract

Entre 2017 y 2018, se realizaron experimentos de cultivo extensivo y perlicultura con la ostra perlera alada Panámica, Pteria sterna (Bivalvia: Pteriidae), en la costa de Los Órganos y Cabo Blanco (Piura, Perú). Se evaluaron tres objetivos simultáneos: eficiencia de colectores en la captación de semilla (sitios y profundidad), cría en dos tipos de artefacto (supervivencia y crecimiento) y ensayos de perlicultura por implante (Mabe) y cirugía (perla libre). Los resultados demostraron la factibilidad de impulsar el desarrollo comunitario de granjas perleras en la región.

Progress towards reestablishing Latin America as a major pearl producing region: A review

“…Within this context, the first community enterprise, named Perlas del Mar de Cabo Blanco , was established in 2019 for production of mabé pearls (Figure 9b,c). Other communities within this corridor are likely to engage with this initiative in the near future 22 …”

“…A good illustration of this gap is evident in Mexico, where no attempts to establish new pearl farms or pearling operations have occurred in the past 20 years, 90 despite the country's very considerable track record in both pearl fisheries and pearl oyster research and culture 9–11 . This situation also prevails in other countries with rich pearling tradition (Venezuela, Panama) and others with current potential for development of pearl farming (Ecuador, Peru) 22,30 . In Ecuador and Peru, for example, pearl culture is ongoing, but still limited to regional, pilot‐scale production of mabé pearls using Pt.…”

“…[73][74][75] Pearl culture began recently, in 2018, as a result of collaboration between Centro de Investigaciones Biol ogicas del Noroeste-Mexico, the National Government of Peru, the private enterprise AgroMar, and the social community of Cabo Blanco in the province of Talara, Department of Piura. 74,76 The goal was to train locals, particularly women, in manufacture and use of spat collectors, husbandry of resulting oysters, and in design of regionally specific jewellery with pearls 22 (Figure 9a). So far (2018-2020), mortality of oysters used for mabé and bead-nucleated pearl production is $35% and $75%, respectively, which perhaps reflect the inexperience of trainees.…”

“…Other communities within this corridor are likely to engage with this initiative in the near future. 22 Recently, it was reported that pearl oyster spat collection is abundant in the area of Cabo Blanco (up to 4000 oysters per collector) at various depths. 22 These values are consistent with the typical pattern observed at other tropical locations in Peru, where the species breeds throughout the year.…”

“…For example, while P. mazatlanica was heavily fished in past centuries for the harvest of natural pearls on Pacific coasts, 15–17 Pt. sterna is now the only species currently utilised in the region to support routine production of multicolour, highly valued pearls at a commercial scale in Mexico 18,19 and at a pilot‐scale in Ecuador 20,21 and Peru 22 . The main biological and ecological features of each of these species are summarised in Table 1.…”