Ethnic composition, age and sex, together with location and standard of housing as determinants of HLTV‐I infection in an urban trinidadian community

Miller, George; Pegram, Susan; Kirkwood, Betty; Beckles, Gloria L.; Byam, N T A; Clayden, S.A.; Kinlen, L J; Li, Chan; Carson, D C; Greaves, Melvyn F.

doi:10.1002/ijc.2910380604

Cited by 50 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These data suggest that social and environmental factors associated with poverty may influence HTLV-I transmission both within endemic countries and across the world (Miller et al, 1986;Maloney et al, 1991). Similarly, HTLV-I endemic countries (excluding Japan) have low per capita income and have to deal with a higher burden of HTLV-I/II infection and associated diseases with fewer resources than high-income countries.…”

Section: Risk Factors and Routes Of Transmission -Individual And Socimentioning

confidence: 93%

Global epidemiology of HTLV-I infection and associated diseases

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Risk Factors and Routes Of Transmission -Individual And Socimentioning

confidence: 93%

Global epidemiology of HTLV-I infection and associated diseases

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Studies from Japan (Stuver et al, 1992) have previously documented a strong geographic clustering of HTLV-I, particularly on the island of Kyushu, with rates varying over relatively short distances attributed to migrations from southern Japan to the cities of the north. Similar clusterings have also been described in the Caribbean basin, raising questions about the role of environmental factors, such as river proximity in Trinidad (Miller et al, 1986) or altitude in Jamaica (Maloney et al, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Geographical clustering of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I in Guadeloupe, an endemic Caribbean area

et al. 1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Recently, however, it was revealed that ATL patients are widely distributed throughout the world (Fig. 3); that is, ATL occurs among blacks in the Caribbean Basin [8][9][10][11], central Africa [12][13][14], and the southeastern part of the United States [15], Melanesian in Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu [16], and whites in southern Italy [17]. In the present paper, epidemiological studies focusing mainly on ATL in Japan are reviewed and compared to other countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignant lymphomas in Japan: Epidemiological analysis of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL)

Tajima

1988

Cancer Metast Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The incidence of malignant lymphomas in Japan is relatively low compared to that in western European countries and the United States. However, in limited areas in Japan a specific type of lymphoid malignancy called adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), which is caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), is highly prevalent, and there are also many healthy carriers of HTLV-I in the same areas. A cross-sectional seroepidemiological study of HTLV-I showed that the age-specific proportion of healthy HTLV-I carriers in these ATL-endemic areas increased with age, especially over 40, and was higher in females than in males. Three main routes of HTLV-I transmission are recognized: 1) vertical transmission from mother to child mainly through breast milk; 2) horizontal transmission from man to woman through semen, and; 3) parenteral transmission from carrier donor to non-carrier recipient. The annual incidence rate of ATL among HTLV-I carriers is estimated at 2.0 in males and 0.5 in females, and the cumulative risk for ATL in HTLV-I carriers during a 70-year life span is 1%-5%. Possible risk factors for ATL in addition to HTLV-I infection were considered, i.e. genetic factors, environmental factors, nutritional condition, thymus involution etc., but none of these were found to be clearly associated with ATL. To determine whether there exist particularly susceptible hosts for ATL in the ATL endemic areas, HLA types were examined, but no conclusive results on the positive relationships between HLA types and ATL manifestation or HTLV-I infection were obtained. From follow-up studies on the age-specific distribution of HTLV-I carriers in Japan, it is now speculated that the HTLV-I infection rate might have decreased naturally in the more recent generational cohort groups, even in the ATL-endemic areas. However, ATL in Japan is an important subject for study in the field of cancer epidemiology, and several trial intervention programs for the prevention of ATL, such as controls of vertical transmission from mother to child through breast milk, are now ongoing in the ATL-endemic areas of Japan.

show abstract

Ethnic composition, age and sex, together with location and standard of housing as determinants of HLTV‐I infection in an urban trinidadian community

Cited by 50 publications

References 26 publications

Global epidemiology of HTLV-I infection and associated diseases

Global epidemiology of HTLV-I infection and associated diseases

Geographical clustering of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I in Guadeloupe, an endemic Caribbean area

Malignant lymphomas in Japan: Epidemiological analysis of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About