Ethnic differences in root resorption induced by orthodoncic forces.

Abstract

Objectives This study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of how ethnic differences influence susceptibility to external apical root resorption (EARR). The findings of this study are intended to inform the development of more personalized and effective orthodontic treatment plans, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and advancing orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 200 patients divided into South European (n = 145), Latin American (n = 39), and East European (n = 16) groups. Panoramic radiographs measured EARR in upper central and lateral incisors using the Malgrem visual method and the modified by Brezniak Linge and Linge method. Crown/root ratio and apical morphology were also analyzed. Statistical tests included t-tests, chi-squared, and ANOVA (p < 0.05). Results Latin American patients showed a higher prevalence of pointed apex morphology (p = 0.010) and lower rates of mild/moderate EARR than South Europeans (p = 0.041). Additionally, South Europeans had a higher crown/root ratio (1.46 ± 0.20) than East Europeans (1.33 ± 0.16) for the upper lateral incisor (p = 0.007). Conclusion Ethnic differences affect the risk of EARR, particularly in the upper lateral incisor. Latin American patients showed a higher prevalence of pointed apex morphology and lower rates of mild/moderate EARR than Europeans. Additionally, treatment duration was linked to an increased risk of severe EARR, although no ethnic differences were observed in the most aggressive forms. Clinical Relevance: Recognizing ethnic variations in EARR susceptibility can help orthodontists develop risk-based, personalized treatments, potentially reducing adverse effects and improving care across diverse populations.