Ethnic Nationalism and Income Distribution in Malaysia

Chakravarty, S.P.; Abdul-Hakim, Roslan

doi:10.1080/09578810500130906

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Regional variations may be explained by characteristics of individuals and area-level factors such as population health, education levels, and ethnic composition [ 22 ] in addition to preference of hospitals and individual physicians [ 5 ]. There were a mix of ethnic minorities living in this region with lower socioeconomic status [ 12 , 14 , 36 ] and this may have influenced prescribing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The three main ethnicities are Malays (50%) followed by Chinese (23%) and Indians (7%) while the rest are indigenous natives and other non-citizens [ 11 ]. The ethnicities differ in terms of culture, religion and socioeconomic statuses where the Chinese had economic advantages while the Malays hold political power [ 12 ]. Malaysia has expanded taxation-based public healthcare delivery system to provide access to comprehensive and affordable services via government-run healthcare facilities [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends and variations in the prescribing of secondary preventative cardiovascular therapies for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in Malaysia

Venkatason

Zaharan

Ismail

et al. 2018

Eur J Clin Pharmacol

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PurposeInformation is lacking on prescribing of preventative cardiovascular pharmacotherapies for patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in the Asian region. This study examined the prescribing rate of these pharmacotherapies, comparing NSTEMI to STEMI, and variations across demographics and clinical factors within the NSTEMI group in the multi-ethnic Malaysian population.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of the Malaysian National Cardiovascular Disease Database-Acute Coronary Syndrome registry from year 2006 to 2013 (n = 30,873). On-discharge pharmacotherapies examined were aspirin, ADP-antagonists, statins, ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin-II-receptor blockers, and beta-blockers. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratio of receiving individual pharmacotherapies according to patients’ characteristics in NSTEMI patients (n = 11,390).ResultsPrescribing rates for cardiovascular pharmacotherapies had significantly increased especially for ADP-antagonists (76%) in NSTEMI patients. More than 85% were prescribed statins and antiplatelets but rates remained significantly lower compared to STEMI. Women and those over 65 years old were less likely to be prescribed these pharmacotherapies compared to men and younger NSTEMI patients. Chinese and Indians were more likely to receive selected pharmacotherapies compared to Malays (main ethnicity). Geographical variations were observed; East Malaysian (Malaysian Borneo) patients were less likely to receive these compared to Western region of Malaysian Peninsular. Underprescribing in patients with risk factors such as diabetes were observed with other co-morbidities influencing prescribing selectively.ConclusionThis study uncovers demographic and clinical variations in cardiovascular pharmacotherapies prescribing for NSTEMI. Concerted efforts by policy makers, specialty societies, and physicians are required focusing on elderly, women, Malays, East Malaysians, and high-risk patients.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00228-018-2451-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and variations in the prescribing of secondary preventative cardiovascular therapies for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in Malaysia

Venkatason

Zaharan

Ismail

et al. 2018

Eur J Clin Pharmacol

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“…Investigations of income disparity among ethnic groups in Malaysia often rely on descriptive analyses based on national representative household surveys (see Anand, ; Lucas and Verry, ; Heng, ; Shari, ; Chakravarty and Roslan, ). However, these studies are limited insofar as they cannot illustrate how different household groups are interconnected and interact with the rest of the economic system.…”

Section: Review Of Related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Income Distribution across Ethnic Groups in Malaysia: Results from a New Social Accounting Matrix

Saari

Dietzenbacher

Los

2014

Asian Economic Journal

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A new social accounting matrix is constructed for Malaysia for the year 2000 to analyze sources of income inequality among ethnic groups in Malaysia. The analysis reveals that income inequality can be decomposed into the interaction of: (i) hourly wages; (ii) working hours per week; and (iii) number of dependents per household. The results of the analysis suggest that occupational differences are the main factor contributing to wage inequality in Malaysia. Ethnic Malays tend to work in low-wage industries while ethnic Chinese and Indians are more likely to work in higher-wage industries.

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“…Progress since the 1990s has been studied less vigorously, even though some shortcomings in the economic participation of Bumiputeras persist, particularly with regard to difficulties among graduates in labour market engagement, continual dependence on public sector employment of professionals and administrators, and under-representation in management and private enterprise (Lee, 2005). It is also quite common for research to commend Malaysia’s achievements in promoting the educational and occupational advancement of Bumiputeras, while highlighting shortcomings raising Bumiputera equity ownership (Chakravarty and Abdul-Hakim, 2005; Yusof, 2012). However, such appraisals tend to overlook shortfalls or regression in the quality of education and labour market mobility of the beneficiaries of affirmative action: it is these two aspects which are among this study’s main findings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affirmative Action in Malaysia and South Africa: Contrasting Structures, Continuing Pursuits

Lee

2015

Journal of Asian and African Studies

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This paper examines affirmative action in Malaysia and South Africa, two regimes that favor majorities. Malaysia's highly centralized and discretionary programme is in contrasts with South Africa's more democratized, decentralized and statutory structure. With regard to affirmative action outcomes, both countries have made quantitative gains in increasing representation of Bumiputeras in Malaysia and blacks in South Africa, in tertiary education and high-level occupations. However, there is also evidence to suggest continuing, primarily qualitative, shortfalls, in terms of graduate capability, dependence on public sector employment, and persistent difficulty in cultivating private enterprise. The results reported here emphasize the importance of implementing affirmative action effectively in education, while exercising restraint in employment and enterprise development.

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Ethnic Nationalism and Income Distribution in Malaysia

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Trends and variations in the prescribing of secondary preventative cardiovascular therapies for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in Malaysia

Trends and variations in the prescribing of secondary preventative cardiovascular therapies for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in Malaysia

Income Distribution across Ethnic Groups in Malaysia: Results from a New Social Accounting Matrix

Affirmative Action in Malaysia and South Africa: Contrasting Structures, Continuing Pursuits

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