Ethnopharmacology of bear gall bladder: I

Li, Yawei; Zhu, Xue-Ming; But, Paul Pui‐Hay; Yeung, H.W.

doi:10.1016/0378-8741(95)01249-d

Cited by 67 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Studies have revealed that pB solution has similar pharmacological action as bear bile in regards to its antiinflmmatory, anticonvulsive and analgesic activities (1). It has been reported that pB is used as an alternative to bear bile in specific Chinese Medicinal formulas (2). In the present study, we found that pB contains a large amount of udca, the unconjugated form of tudca, which is only produced in bears.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…The identification of alternatives to bear bile is therefore necessary. Bile from other animals is considered an alternative due to its similar origin (2,5,6). however, a comprehensive study on the chemical composition and bioactivity of animal bile is necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Briefly, cells at 80% confluence in a 75 cm 2 flask were trypsinized, and a single-cell suspension was obtained. cells (10,000) in 200 µl of medium per well were seeded in 96-well plates and incubated for 24 h. cells were then incubated along with a series of bile samples or pure compounds at various concentrations (2,4,8,16, 32, 64, 128, 256 and 512 µm) for 24, 48 and 72 h. Wells treated with vehicle (0.1% dmSO) served as the controls. after treatment for various time periods, 15 µl of 5 mg/ml mtt (Sigma) was added to each well and incubated for 4 h at 37˚C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bile from other animal sources is being considered as an alternative to bear bile. Various pharmacological actions between animal bile and bear bile have been compared (2); however, a comprehensive investigation on chemical composition and cytotoxic activity is lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical and biological analysis of active free and conjugated bile acids in animal bile using HPLC-ELSD and MTT methods

Wang

Feng

Xie

et al. 2010

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. the aim of the present study was to determine the chemical composition and in vitro cytotoxic activity of seven bile samples and bile acids using the high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc)-evaporative light scattering detector (ElSd) method. Free and conjugated bile acid standards were used to identify and quantify the chemical components of the seven animal bile samples. the mtt assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effect of the animal bile samples and the free and conjugated bile acids on hepatocellular carcinoma mhcc97-l cells. chemical analysis revealed that the bile samples from the different animals shared little similarity in terms of their composition. a cell viability assay revealed that cattle bile, as well as its major components, dca, cdca and tcdca, exhibited a marked cytotoxic effect on the hepatocellular carcinoma mhcc97-l cells. the bear bile samples that originated from the asian black bear and the american black bear contained a unique component, tudca, which distinguished them from the other animal bile, though their inhibitory action on mhcc97-l cells was not markedly distinct. the present study reveals that cattle bile may be a potential alternative to bear bile for hepatocarcinoma therapy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical and biological analysis of active free and conjugated bile acids in animal bile using HPLC-ELSD and MTT methods

Wang

Feng

Xie

et al. 2010

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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“…Currently, both Niuhuang and its major active components, cholic acid analogs (CAAs), are still widely prescribed as major ingredients of a variety of traditional Chinese drugs and formulae to treat many diseases intravenously and non-intravenously (Li et al, 1995). According to ancient monographs on Chinese medicine, Niuhuang was used for the treatment of coma and delirium caused by febrile diseases, epileptic convulsions caused by high fever, retropharyngeal abscesses, carbuncles, and furuncles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma membrane as the target site of cholic acid analogs

et al. 2011

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Although the mechanism is unknown, Calculus Bovis and its active components, cholic acid analogs (CAAs), have been used in China to treat a wide range of diseases. Based on the previous finding that the potency of CAA is strongly dependent on the intrinsic surface activity, this paper aimed to investigate the role of the plasma membrane in the pharmacological activity of CAAs. First, CAAs (0.1 mM) caused a surface activity-dependent depression on ATPase activity in the cell membrane extract, but it had no effects on other cellular extracts, suggesting an indispensable role of the membrane environment for pharmacological activity. Second, CAAs lowered the membrane fluidity of cultured Caco-2 cells with the same rank-order of potency sequence. Third, the hypothesis that any functional protein located on the membrane is influenced by changes in cellular membrane fluidity was supported by: ileal contraction that was induced by acetylcholine and mediated by the muscarinic receptor (M-receptor) or the relaxation induced by adrenaline and mediated by the β-adrenergic receptor (β-receptor) was inhibited by CAAs. They also had similar rank-order of potency and the effects on the plasma membrane. Collectively, the plasma membrane may be a target for the CAAs to exert the multiple pharmacological effects which are mediated by the alteration of the membrane mobility and the function of integral membrane proteins.

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Determination of multicomponent contents in Calculus bovis by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–evaporative light scattering detection and its application for quality control

Kong

Jin

Xiao

et al. 2010

J of Separation Science

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A fast ultra-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection (UPLC-ELSD) method was established for simultaneous quantification of seven components in natural Calculus bovis (C. bovis) and its substitutes or spurious breeds. On a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C(18) column, seven analytes were efficiently separated using 0.2% aqueous formic acid-acetonitrile as the mobile phase in a gradient program. The evaporator tube temperature of ELSD was set at 100 degrees C with the nebulizing gas flow-rate of 1.9 L/min. The results showed that this established UPLC-ELSD method was validated to be sensitive, precise and accurate with the LODs of seven analytes at 2-11 ng, and the overall intra-day and inter-day variations less than 3.0%. The recovery of the method was in the range of 97.8-101.6%, with RSD less than 3.0%. Further results of PCA on the contents of seven investigated analytes suggested that compounds of cholic acid, deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid or cholesterol should be added as chemical markers to UPLC analysis of C. bovis samples for quality control and to discriminate natural C. bovis sample and its substitutes or some spurious breeds, then normalize the use of natural C. bovis and ensure its clinical efficacy.

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Ethnopharmacology of bear gall bladder: I

Cited by 67 publications

References 10 publications

Chemical and biological analysis of active free and conjugated bile acids in animal bile using HPLC-ELSD and MTT methods

Chemical and biological analysis of active free and conjugated bile acids in animal bile using HPLC-ELSD and MTT methods

Plasma membrane as the target site of cholic acid analogs

Determination of multicomponent contents in Calculus bovis by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–evaporative light scattering detection and its application for quality control

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