Ethologically Based Animal Models of Anxiety Disorders

Lister, Richard G.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-040698-5.50012-0

Cited by 226 publications

(317 citation statements)

References 211 publications

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“…drug states) stimuli that are assumed to be capable of inducing anxiety in animals. Since none of these models involves pathological anxiety-related behaviors, Lister has described them as animal models of 'state' anxiety [54]. In such procedures, subjects experience anxiety at a particular moment in time and it is increased by the presence of anxiogenic stimulus.…”

Section: Mouse Models Of Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring normal and pathological anxiety-like behaviour in mice: a review

Belzung

Griebel

2001

Behavioural Brain Research

782

500

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Measuring anxiety-like behaviour in mice has been mostly undertaken using a few classical animal models of anxiety such as the elevated plus-maze, the light/dark choice or the open-field tests. All these procedures are based upon the exposure of subjects to unfamiliar aversive places. Anxiety can also be elicited by a range of threats such as predator exposure. Furthermore, the concepts of 'state' and 'trait' anxiety have been proposed to differentiate anxiety that the subject experiences at a particular moment of time and that is increased by the presence of an anxiogenic stimulus, and anxiety that does not vary from moment to moment and is considered to be an 'enduring feature of an individual'. Thus, when assessing the behaviour of mice, it is necessary to increase the range of behavioural paradigms used, including animal models of 'state' and 'trait' anxiety. In the last few years, many mice with targeted mutations have been generated. Among them some have been proposed as animal models of pathological anxiety, since they display high level of anxiety-related behaviours in classical tests. However, it is important to emphasise that such mice are animal models of a single gene dysfunction, rather than models of anxiety, per se. Inbred strains of mice, such as the BALB/c line, which exhibits spontaneously elevated anxiety appear to be a more suitable model of pathological anxiety.

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Section: Mouse Models Of Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several excellent review articles that have described and discussed extensively these models (see, for example, [54,73,79,84]). Table 1 gives an overview of the existing mouse models of 'state' anxiety.…”

Section: Mouse Models Of 'Normal' or 'State' Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring normal and pathological anxiety-like behaviour in mice: a review

Belzung

Griebel

2001

Behavioural Brain Research

782

500

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“…Do the capacities for wheel running and locomotor activity differ? How does time of day alter activity in various environmental locations or the impact of novelty in the activity of infants versus adults?Measures interpreted as anxiety in rodents (Grossen & Kelley, 1972;Lister, 1990) include certain uses of the open field (Britton & Britton, 1981;File, 1985;Treit & Fundytus, 1988), the black and white box (Costall, Jones, Kelly, Naylor, & Tomkins, 1989;Crawley, 1981), and the elevated plus-maze (Lister, 1987;Pellow, Chopin, File, & Briley, 1985). These methods are frequently used to test the effectiveness of anxiolytics in adults but are rarely used in young rats.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of infant and adult rats in exploratory activity, diurnal patterns, and responses to novel and anxiety-provoking environments.

Smith¹,

Morrell²

2007

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Infant rats emerge from the maternal nest at Postnatal Day 17-18 to have their first critical environmental experiences; they may be particularly sensitive to experiences or experimental interventions that can affect their adult capacity. The authors address open questions on 2 components of normative environmental exploration, locomotor activity and response to anxiety-provoking locations, in Postnatal Day 18 infant and Postnatal Day 60 adult rats. The authors compare diurnal patterns of locomotor activity, wheel running, novel and familiar open-field activity, and 2 measures of anxiety. Infants have an equivalent capacity to adults for locomotor activity and wheel running and a fundamentally adult-like diurnal rhythm, except that they do not anticipate light-dark transitions, are more perturbable at their most somnolent, and are more or less active during specific limited phases than adults. Infants initially have a lower rate of locomotor activity in novel environments and have a greater willingness to be active in anxiety-provoking locations. Such differences may allow enhanced gathering of environmental information by the infant and are important to consider in the design of experiments using infants. Keywordsinfant; adult; exploration; activity; anxiety In humans, late childhood and adolescence is the period when drug sampling and experimentation first begins (Brown & Tapert 2004;Johnston, O'Malley, Bachman, & Schulenberg, 2005;Spear, 2000;Turner, Mermelstein, & Flay, 2004), when clinical mental health disorders requiring pharmacologic intervention, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, emerge (Andersen, 2003;Andersen, Arvanitogiannis, Pliakas, LeBlanc, & Carlezon, 2002), and when the central nervous system (CNS) is readily shaped by many stimuli, often with long-lasting consequences. Ultimately, studies using immature animals may inform us about human disorders with early life origins (e.g., hyperactivity) and may inform the beneficial use of pharmacological treatments. Further, these studies may provide insight into the effects of preadolescent sampling of drugs of abuse (Dahl & Spear, 2004).Prior to achieving sexual maturity between Postnatal Days (P) 55-60, immature rats are either infants (P1-P28) or adolescents (P28-P55; Ojeda & Urbanski, 1988;Spear, 2000). Infant rats are vigilantly kept in the protective maternal nest by their mothers until around P17-P18 (Barnett, 1958;Galef & Clark, 1972; Pereira & Morrell, 2007;Small, 1899), when they are allowed out into their larger environment. At this point, they have full motor and sensory capacity (Moorcroft, Lyttle, & Campbell, 1971). Experiences at this point readily produce longCorrespondence concerning this article should be addressed to Kiersten S. Smith, Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102. E-mail: kismith@pegasus.rutgers.edu. NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript term effects; enriched environments lead...

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“…Hall (1934) (Carola et al, 2002;Lister, 1990, Prut e Belzung, 2003, Ramos et al, 1997, Treit et al, 1993.…”

Section: Atividade Motora Em Campo Abertomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A utilização deste modelo para avaliar a ansiedade de roedores tem sido proposta, levando em consideração que o aumento na deambulação e maior tempo de permanência na região central do aparato indicam uma redução na ansiedade (Choleris et al, 2001;Lister, 1990).…”

Section: Atividade Motora Em Campo Abertounclassified

Alterações comportamentais em Rattus norvegicus experimentalmente infectados por Toxocara cati ou T. canis

Santos¹

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Ethologically Based Animal Models of Anxiety Disorders

Cited by 226 publications

References 211 publications

Measuring normal and pathological anxiety-like behaviour in mice: a review

Measuring normal and pathological anxiety-like behaviour in mice: a review

Comparison of infant and adult rats in exploratory activity, diurnal patterns, and responses to novel and anxiety-provoking environments.

Alterações comportamentais em Rattus norvegicus experimentalmente infectados por Toxocara cati ou T. canis

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