Ethylammonium nitrate enhances the extraction of transition metal nitrates by tri‐<i>n</i>‐butyl phosphate (<scp>TBP</scp>)

Li, Zheng; Zhang, Zidan; Onghena, Bieke; Li, Xiaohua; Binnemans, Koen

doi:10.1002/aic.17213

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…EAN was utilized as a polar solvent for the extraction of transitionmetal nitrates by TBP. 137 The extraction from EAN is considerably stronger than that from a range of polar molecular solvents, which is consistent with the high extraction of Co(II) from molten KNO 3 −LiNO 3 eutectic by TBP. The main species of Co(II) and Fe(III) in EAN were proposed as [Co(NO 3 ) 4 ] 2− and [Fe(NO 3 ) 4 ] − , respectively.…”

Section: Co(ii) In Kscn−nascn Eutectic Was Extracted By Di-ndodecylam...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not only using alternative solvents in the MP phase affects the extraction efficiency, the addition of salts or complexing agents also does. The addition of Cl − to the KNO 3 −LiNO 3 eutectic 55 or EAN 137 significantly reduces the extraction of transition metals [Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II)] by TBP. This is because of the formation of more stable chlorometallate complexes (e.g., [CoCl 4 ] 2− ) in the MP phase.…”

Section: Complexing Agents In the Feed Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the extraction of transition metals from EAN by TBP, the addition of LiCl significantly increased the separation factors of Fe(III)/Zn(II), Fe(III)/Cu(II), Fe(III)/Co(II), Fe(III)/Ni(II), and Mn(II)/ Zn(II). 137 The separation factors of metal pairs with 0.50 mol L −1 LiCl in the MP phase are given in Table 1. Again, take Co(II) as an example, the addition of LiCl converts [Co(NO 3 ) 4 ] 2− in the feed phase to [CoCl 4 ] 2− .…”

Section: Complexing Agents In the Feed Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonaqueous Solvent Extraction for Enhanced Metal Separations: Concept, Systems, and Mechanisms

Dewulf

Binnemans

2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Efficient and sustainable separation of metals is gaining increasing attention, because of the essential roles of many metals in sustainable technologies for a climate-neutral society, such as rare earths in permanent magnets and cobalt, nickel, and manganese in the cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries. The separation and purification of metals by conventional solvent extraction (SX) systems, which consist of an organic phase and an aqueous phase, has limitations. By replacing the aqueous phase with other polar solvents, either polar molecular organic solvents or ionic solvents, nonaqueous solvent extraction (NASX) largely expands the scope of SX, since differences in solvation of metal ions lead to different distribution behaviors. This Review emphasizes enhanced metal extraction and remarkable metal separations observed in NASX systems and discusses the effects of polar solvents on the extraction mechanisms according to the type of polar solvents and the type of extractants. Furthermore, the considerable effects of the addition of water and complexing agents on metal separations in terms of metal ion solvation and speciation are highlighted. Efforts to integrate NASX into metallurgical flowsheets and to develop closed-loop solvometallurgical processes are also discussed. This Review aims to construct a framework of NASX on which many more studies on this topic, both fundamental and applied, can be built.

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Section: Co(ii) In Kscn−nascn Eutectic Was Extracted By Di-ndodecylam...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Complexing Agents In the Feed Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Complexing Agents In the Feed Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonaqueous Solvent Extraction for Enhanced Metal Separations: Concept, Systems, and Mechanisms

Dewulf

Binnemans

2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Among these PILs, ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) and propylammonium nitrate (PAN) deserve special mention, as they have been the subject of more than 700 bibliographic references up to 2020 [24], half of them devoted to exploring their potential applications. From then until now, numerous studies have been published demonstrating their potential [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Metal Salts Addition on Physical and Electrochemical Properties of Ethyl and Propylammonium Nitrate

Ausín

Trenzado

Turmine

et al. 2022

IJMS

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In this work, we deepen in the characterization of two protic ionic liquids (PILs), ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) and propylammonium nitrate (PAN). With this aim, we determined the influence of inorganic nitrate salts addition on their physical properties and their electrochemical potential window (EPW). Thus, experimental measurements of electrical conductivity, density, viscosity, refractive index and surface tension of mixtures of {EAN or PAN + LiNO3, Ca(NO3)2, Mg(NO3)2 or Al(NO3)3} at a temperature range between 5 and 95 °C are presented first, except for the last two properties which were measured at 25 °C. In the second part, the corresponding EPWs were determined at 25 °C by linear sweep voltammetry using three different electrochemical cells. Effect of the salt addition was associated mainly with the metal cation characteristics, so, generally, LiNO3 showed the lower influence, followed by Ca(NO3)2, Mg(NO3)2 or Al(NO3)3. The results obtained for the EAN + LiNO3 mixtures, along with those from a previous work, allowed us to develop novel predictive equations for most of the presented physical properties as functions of the lithium salt concentration, the temperature and the water content. Electrochemical results showed that a general order of EPW can be established for both PILs, although exceptions related to measurement conditions and the properties of the mixtures were found.

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Enhancing separation of Y(III) from Sr(II) using tributyl phosphate in a novel deep eutectic solvent media

Zhao,

Wu,

Shih

et al. 2024

AIChE Journal

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A novel solvent extraction system was developed to separate Y3+ from Sr2+, where tributyl phosphate was chosen as an extractant and an organic solvent was a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES) consisting of oleic acid (OA) and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl). The extraction experiment demonstrated that the extraction system using OA‐[BMIM]Cl DES as an organic solvent exhibited great advantages of fast extraction and excellent selectivity for Y3+ (Y/Sr separation factor >500), which are hardly achieved in the extraction systems using conventional molecular solvent, for example, n‐heptane. Density functional theory calculations also confirmed that the Y/Sr separation is more thermodynamically favorable in OA‐[BMIM]Cl DES as an organic solvent compared to n‐heptane. An extraction process comprising two‐stage extraction, one‐stage scrubbing, and one‐stage stripping was proposed, achieving 95.06% of Y3+ selectively separated from a simulated solution and Y purity of 98.55% in the final product.

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Ethylammonium nitrate enhances the extraction of transition metal nitrates by tri‐n‐butyl phosphate (TBP)

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

Nonaqueous Solvent Extraction for Enhanced Metal Separations: Concept, Systems, and Mechanisms

Nonaqueous Solvent Extraction for Enhanced Metal Separations: Concept, Systems, and Mechanisms

Influence of Metal Salts Addition on Physical and Electrochemical Properties of Ethyl and Propylammonium Nitrate

Enhancing separation of Y(III) from Sr(II) using tributyl phosphate in a novel deep eutectic solvent media

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