Etiology and Risk Factors Associated With Infertility

Moridi, Azam; Roozbeh, Nasibeh; Yaghoobi, Halimeh; Soltani, Shirin; Dashti, Sareh; Shahrahmani, Nasim; Banaei, Mojdeh

doi:10.15296/ijwhr.2019.57

Cited by 48 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In PCOS, levels of hormones including androgens and testosterone increase due to high levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and low levels of the follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH), so follicles in these individuals are prevented from producing a mature egg. Furthermore, PCOS increases the risk of insulin resistance, along with type 2 diabetes, which is one of the causes of infertility [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk profile of Qatari women treated for infertility in a tertiary hospital: a case-control study

Musa

Osman

2020

Fertil Res and Pract

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Background Female infertility is a multifactorial condition constituting a worldwide public health problem. The ability to reproduce is an important product of any marriage, hence infertility may exert a negative impact on physical, financial, social and emotional wellbeing of affected couples. The cornerstone to the management of any disease, including infertility, is prevention. Identifying the modifiable risk factors of female infertility will aid at prevention, early detection, and treatment of medical conditions that can threaten fertility as well as promoting healthy behaviours that can preserve it. Aim To explore the risk profile of infertility among Qatari women and compare risk factors distribution among primary vs. secondary infertility. Methodology A hospital-based case control study was conducted from September 17th, 2017- February 10th, 2018. Cases ( n = 136) were enrolled from infertility clinic and controls (pregnant women, n = 272), were enrolled from antenatal clinic, Women Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC). Interview questionnaire was utilized to collect data about sociodemographic, risk factors related to infertility and patient health Questionnaire (PHQ)-2. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. Logistic regression was used to identify the associated factors to infertility. Statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results Forty three primary and ninety three secondary infertility cases were included. Risk factors were age > 35 years (OR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.41–9.83), second-hand smoking (OR = 2.44, 95% CI:1.26–4.73), steady weight gain (OR = 4.65,, 95% CI: 2.43–8.91), recent weight gain (OR = 4.87, 95% CI: 2.54–9.32), menstrual cycle irregularities (OR = 4.20, 95% CI:1.14–15.49), fallopian tube blockage (OR = 5.45, 95% CI: 1.75–16.95), and symptoms suggestive of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including chronic lower abdominal/pelvic pain (OR = 3.46, 95% CI: 1.57–7.63), abnormal vaginal discharge (OR = 3.32, 95% CI:1.22–9.03) and dyspareunia (OR = 7.04, 95% CI: 2.76–17.95). Predictive factors for secondary infertility were; longer time from previous conception (OR = 5.8, 95% CI: 3.28–10.21), history of stillbirth (OR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.04–6.67) or miscarriage (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.21–3.68) and postpartum infection (OR = 3.75, 95% CI: 1.27–11.06). Protective factors were higher education level (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.25–0.78), higher income (OR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.06–0.49), and awareness/loyalty to fertility window (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.21–0.52 and OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.19–0.44, consequently). Conclusion This study highlighted the opportunities to strengthen public health as well as hospital-based health promotion programs importantly toward behavioural-related risk factors (e.g. smoking, obesity, STIs etc.). Moreover, detecting, preventing, and managing modifiable risk factors through awareness, screenin...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk profile of Qatari women treated for infertility in a tertiary hospital: a case-control study

Musa

Osman

2020

Fertil Res and Pract

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“…Some of the underlying causes of primary infertility have been suggested to include environmental toxins, smoking, obesity, and psychological stress [ 7 , 8 ]. In addition, sociodemographic factors like age, race, education level, marital age, type of family, employment and socioeconomic status have been also evaluated for causal relationship [ 9 , 10 ]. Physical activity, as an essential lifestyle modification component, has been thoroughly investigated against female infertility, but controversial research suggestions were concluded in this regard [ 11 – 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of types, intensities and frequencies of physical activity with primary infertility among females in Gaza Strip, Palestine: A case-control study

Dhair

Abed

2020

PLoS ONE

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Introduction Physical activity and energy state balance have fundamentally been related to reproductive system and health. This study explored the relationship between different types, intensities and frequencies of physical activity with primary infertility among women in Gaza Strip, Palestine. Methods A case-control study was conducted in Gaza Strip with the participation of 320 married couples. 160 infertile couples were chosen from five fertility centers registries from 2016 to 2018 and matched residentially with 160 fertile couples. Cases were selected through systematic stratified sampling of five lists categorized according to residency and the determined percentage selected from each list was proportional. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire extended by the short form of international physical activity questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS program version 22 by using descriptive analysis, independent T-test, cross-tabulation, and binary logistic regression. Results Low frequency, intensity and duration of physical activity were associated with 3.1 risk of primary infertility (95% CI, 1.60–5.99, P < 0.001). Adjustment for age, marital age, age of menarche, refugee status and monthly income provided 3.2 risk (95% CI, 1.55–6.60, P = 0.002). Women spending more than 300 minutes a day sedentarily were 2.3 times more likely to have fertility problems than physically active females. Measuring energy expenditure in MET-min/w (Metabolic Equivalent) showed vigorous MET-min/w as negatively associated with the infertility status of females (Interquartile range IQR: 480 for cases and 720 for controls, P = 0.010). On the basis of energy expended in kilocalories in relation to weight, results showed the same association (IQR: 564 for case and 864 for controls, P = 0.011). No associations were found between moderate activity levels and primary infertility. Conclusion Low levels of physical activity and sedentary lifestyle endanger the fertility status of females in Gaza Strip. This may offer the need for endorsing and formalizing adequate physical activity education and awareness protocols in the national reproductive health guidelines and empowering environmental capacity building to alter physical activity-related cultural norms.

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“…The WHO defines infertility as a disease characterized by the failure to establish a clinical pregnancy after 12 months of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse or due to an impairment of a person's capacity to reproduce either as an individual or with his or her partner [1]. The prevalence of infertility has increased significantly in recent years; its global prevalence is reported to be 10%-15% [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legal Considerations Surrounding Surrogacy in Ukraine

Reznik

Yakushchenko

2020

Wiad Lek

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The aim of the study is to analyze the legal framework regulating surrogacy relations in Ukraine, its main loopholes and collisions, and provide suggestions to improve the Ukrainian legislation on surrogacy. Materials and methods: The methodological framework of the research consists of general methods of analysis and synthesis, formal logical method and formal legal method. Conclusions: The procedure for the implementation of surrogacy in Ukraine is enshrined in several regulatory acts. Ukrainian legislation has some loopholes and collisions, representing the challenges that have to be addressed in the nearest future. It is necessary to reconsider the existing legal acts to strengthen state control and supervision in this area for proper protection of the rights and responsibilities of subjects entering surrogate agreements.

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Etiology and Risk Factors Associated With Infertility

Cited by 48 publications

References 28 publications

Risk profile of Qatari women treated for infertility in a tertiary hospital: a case-control study

Risk profile of Qatari women treated for infertility in a tertiary hospital: a case-control study

The association of types, intensities and frequencies of physical activity with primary infertility among females in Gaza Strip, Palestine: A case-control study

Legal Considerations Surrounding Surrogacy in Ukraine

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