European orogenic processes research transects the eastern Alps

Gebrande, H.; Lüschen, E.; Lammerer, Bernd; Oncken, Onno; Stiller, Manfred; Neubauer, Franz; Millahn, Karl; Grassl, Herfried; Bertelli, L.; Angeleri, Gianpiero; Fantoni, Roberto; Mazzotti, Alfredo; Bernabini, M.; Castellarin, Alberto; Nicolich, R.

doi:10.1029/01eo00269

Cited by 23 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The sweeps were diversely stacked in the field before correlation. Except for the station and VP spacing, the ALCUDIA profile was acquired with parameters (Table 1) that are typical of recent deep seismic reflection surveys: URSEIS [ Echtler et al , 1996], LITHOPROBE [ Cook et al , 1999], TRANSALP [ Gebrande et al , 2001], IBERSEIS [ Simancas et al , 2003].…”

Section: Seismic Data Acquisition and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging the crustal structure of the Central Iberian Zone (Variscan Belt): The ALCUDIA deep seismic reflection transect

Poyatos¹,

Carbonell²,

Palomeras³

et al. 2012

Tectonics

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ALCUDIA is a 230 km long, vertical incidence deep seismic reflection transect acquired in spring 2007 across the southern Central Iberian Zone (part of the pre‐Mesozoic Gondwana paleocontinent) of the Variscan Orogen of Spain. The carefully designed acquisition parameters resulted in a 20 s TWTT deep, 60–90 fold, high‐resolution seismic reflection transect. The processed image shows a weakly reflective upper crust (the scarce reflectivity matching structures identified at surface), a thick, highly reflective and laminated lower crust, and a flat Moho located at 10 s TWTT (∼30 km depth). The transect can be divided into three segments with different structural styles in the lower crust. In the central segment, the lower crust is imaged by regular, horizontal and parallel reflectors, whereas in the northern and southern segments it displays oblique reflectors interpreted as an important thrust (north) and tectonic wedging involving the mantle (south). The ALCUDIA seismic image shows that in an intracontinental orogenic crust, far from the suture zones, the upper and lower crust may react differently to shortening in different sectors, which is taken as evidence for decoupling. The interpreted structures, as deduced from surface geology and the seismic image, show that deformation was distributed homogeneously in the upper crust, whereas it was concentrated in wedge/thrust structures at specific sectors in the lower crust. The seismic image also shows the location of late Variscan faults in spatial association with the lower crustal thickened areas.

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Section: Seismic Data Acquisition and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging the crustal structure of the Central Iberian Zone (Variscan Belt): The ALCUDIA deep seismic reflection transect

Poyatos¹,

Carbonell²,

Palomeras³

et al. 2012

Tectonics

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show abstract

“…The sweeps were diversely stacked before correlation, and then correlated in the field. Except for the station and VP spacing, the IBERSEIS profile was acquired with parameters (Table 1) that are typical of recent deep seismic reflection surveys (URSEIS [ Echtler et al , 1996]; Lithoprobe [ Cook et al , 1999]; TransAlp [ Gebrande et al , 2001]. The geometry data, x , y and z coordinates were calculated using a high‐precision GPS system.…”

Section: Seismic Data Acquisition and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustal structure of the transpressional Variscan orogen of SW Iberia: SW Iberia deep seismic reflection profile (IBERSEIS)

et al. 2003

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IBERSEIS, a 303 km long (20 s) deep seismic reflection profile, was acquired across the Variscan belt in SW Iberian Peninsula. The acquisition parameters were designed to obtain a high‐resolution crustal‐scale image of this orogen. The seismic profile samples three major tectonic terranes: the South Portuguese Zone, the Ossa‐Morena Zone, and the Central Iberian Zone, which were accreted in Late Paleozoic times. These terranes show a distinctive seismic signature, as do the sutures separating them. Late strike‐slip movements through crustal wedges are apparent in the seismic image and have strongly modified the geometry of sutures. The upper crust appears to be decoupled from the lower crust all along the seismic line, but some deformation has been accommodated at deeper levels. A sill‐like structure is imaged in the middle crust as a 1–2 s thick and 175 km long high‐amplitude conspicuous reflective band. It is interpreted as a great intrusion of mafic magma in a midcrustal decollement. Taking into account surface geological data and the revealed crustal architecture, a tectonic evolution is proposed for SW Iberia which includes transpressional collision interacting during Early Carboniferous with a mantle plume. The Moho can be identified along the entire transect as subhorizontal and located at 10 to 11 s, indicating a 30–35 km average crustal thickness. Its seismic signature changes laterally, being very reflective beneath the South Portuguese Zone and the Central Iberian Zone, but discontinuous and diffuse below the Ossa Morena Zone.

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Tectonic map and overall architecture of the Alpine orogen

Schmid¹,

Fügenschuh²,

Kissling³

et al. 2004

Eclogae geol. Helv.

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1,015

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The new tectonic map of the Alps is based on the combination of purely structural data with criteria regarding paleogeographical affiliation and/or tectonometamorphic evolution. The orogenic evolution of the Alps is discussed using a combination of maps and paleogeographical reconstructions. It is proposed that the Alps are the product of two orogenies, a Cretaceous followed by a Tertiary one. While the former is related to the closure of an embayment of the Meliata ocean into Apulia, the latter is due to the closure of the Alpine Tethys between Apulia and Europe. The along-strike changes in the overall architecture, as for example revealed by geophysical-geological transects, are by far more substantial than hitherto believed. It appears that the Alps are still far from being over-investigated, as is demonstrated by many surprising recent findings based on field geology, laboratory results and geophysical methods of deep sounding. ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie neue tektonische Karte der Alpen basiert auf einer Kombination von strukturellen Daten mit Kriterien der paläogeographischen Zugehörigkeit und/oder der tektono-metamorphen Entwicklung. Die Orogen-Entwicklung der Alpen wird anhand einer Kombination von Karten und paläogeographi-schen Rekonstruktionen diskutiert. Hierbei wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Alpen das Produkt von zwei Orogenesen sind: einer kretazischen, gefolgt von einer tertiären. Während erstere auf die Schliessung des Meliata-Ozeans zurückgeführt wird, ist letztere das Produkt der Schliessung der Alpinen Tethys zwischen Apulia und Europa. Die Änderungen in der Architektur der Alpen entlang dem Streichen sind weit wichtiger als bisher angenommen, wie am Beispiel geologisch-geophysikalischer Querschnitte illustriert wird. Es scheint, dass die Alpenforschung immer noch für Überraschungen gut ist. Dies zeigen neue Ergebnisse, die auf Feldforschung, Labormethoden und neue Methoden der geophysikalischen Tiefenerkundung abgestützt sind.

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European orogenic processes research transects the eastern Alps

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

Imaging the crustal structure of the Central Iberian Zone (Variscan Belt): The ALCUDIA deep seismic reflection transect

Imaging the crustal structure of the Central Iberian Zone (Variscan Belt): The ALCUDIA deep seismic reflection transect

Crustal structure of the transpressional Variscan orogen of SW Iberia: SW Iberia deep seismic reflection profile (IBERSEIS)

Tectonic map and overall architecture of the Alpine orogen

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