European Programme on Emissions, Fuels and Engine Technologies (EPEFE)-Heavy Duty Diesel Study

Signer, Meinrad; Heinze, Peter; Mercogliano, R.; Stein, Hendrik

doi:10.4271/961074

Cited by 47 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…A reduced T90/T95 temperature has been shown to have a small impact on emissions. 7,14 For GTL fuel, any impact based on T90/T95 temperature is likely obscured by other fuel properties such as paraffin content and cetane number.…”

Section: Waxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Property, Emission Test, and Operability Results from a Fleet of Class 6 Vehicles Operating on Gas-To-Liquid Fuel and Catalyzed Diesel Particle Filters

Alleman¹,

Eudy²,

Miyasato³

et al. 2004

SAE Technical Paper Series

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A fleet of six 2001 International Class 6 trucks operating in southern California was selected for an operability and emissions study using gas-to-liquid (GTL) fuel and catalyzed diesel particle filters (CDPF). Three vehicles were fueled with CARB specification diesel fuel and no emission control devices (current technology), and three vehicles were fueled with GTL fuel and retrofit with Johnson Matthey's CCRT™ diesel particulate filter. No engine modifications were made.Bench scale fuel-engine compatibility testing showed the GTL fuel had cold flow properties suitable for year-round use in southern California and was additized to meet current lubricity standards. Bench scale elastomer compatibility testing returned results similar to those of CARB specification diesel fuel. The GTL fuel met or exceeded ASTM D975 fuel properties.Researchers used a chassis dynamometer to test emissions over the City Suburban Heavy Vehicle Route (CSHVR) and New York City Bus (NYCB) cycles. The GTL-fueled vehicles were tested with and without the CDPFs to isolate fuel and aftertreatment effects.All emission changes are compared to the CARB specification diesel baseline. Over the CSHVR cycle, GTL fuel (no filter) reduced all regulated emissions, with oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) reductions of 8% and particulate matter (PM) reductions of 33%. Over the NYCB cycle, GTL fuel (no filter) reduced NO x and PM by 16% and 23%, respectively. Combining GTL and CDPF further reduced all regulated emissions, with NO x and PM reductions of 14% and 99%, respectively, on the CSHVR cycle. Vehicles tested over the NYCB cycle on GTL fuel and CDPF produced NO x and PM reductions of 20% and 97%, respectively.

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Section: Waxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Property, Emission Test, and Operability Results from a Fleet of Class 6 Vehicles Operating on Gas-To-Liquid Fuel and Catalyzed Diesel Particle Filters

Alleman¹,

Eudy²,

Miyasato³

et al. 2004

SAE Technical Paper Series

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“…For 100% biodiesel, the composite NO x increased by 11% while PM was decreased by 66% [84]. Signer and coworkers reported a 3 to 4% increase in NO x for a 3.5% increase in fuel density using the EEC 13-mode test cycle [85]. Cetane number and fuel aromatic content are well known to influence NO x and PM emissions from diesel engines [86].…”

Section: Research On Exhaust Emissions Using Diesel-biodiesel-ethanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mississippi State Biodiesel Production Project

Hernández¹,

French²,

Fernando³

et al. 2008

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Executive SummaryMunicipal wastewater treatment plants in the United States produce over 6.2 million metric tons of dried sewage sludge every year. This microorganism rich sludge is often land filled or used as fertilizer. Recent restrictions on the use of sewage sludge, however, have resulted in increased disposal problems. Extraction of lipids from sludge yields an untapped source of cheap feedstock for biodiesel production. Solvents used for extraction in this study include n-hexane, methanol, acetone, and supercritical CO 2 .Gravimetric yield of oil was low for non-polar solvents but addition of polar solvents gave a considerably increased yield. However, the percent of saponifiable material was less. Extraction of lipids with a mixture of n-hexane, methanol, and acetone gave the largest conversion to biodiesel for a solvent system, 4.41% based on total dry weight of sludge. In Situ transesterification of dried sludge resulted in a yield of 6.23%. Assuming a 10% dry weight yield of FAMEs the amount of biodiesel available for production in the United States is 1.4 million cubic meters per year. Outfitting 50% of municipal wastewater plants for lipid extraction and transesterification could result in enough biodiesel production to replace 0.5% of the national petroleum diesel demand (0.7 million cubic meters).Other sources of lipids investigated were Black mustard, birdseed rape, canola, Camelina, Crambe, flax, and Hesperis. These plants were selected based on their oil content and their capability to grow in the US Southeast. Genetic procedures were developed to increase the oil content of these plants. Of the species investigated, canola, sunflower, and okra have the greatest potential. However, it should be noted that even 4 record yields of all the crops mentioned above will not come close to fully replacing the U.S. need for oil/petroleum. Extraction procedures were developed to recover nutritional components, such as omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), from oil and biodiesel. Additionally, a method was developed to isolate another value added product, Vitamin E, from oils. The methods developed were based on differences in binding between polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl esters and the transition metal ions.More than 90% EPA was recovered using AgBF4/SiO2•Im+•PF6¯. After a consecutive two-step stripping by ethyl ether and then 1-hexene, the concentration of EPA increased from 7% in the feed stock solution to about 90% in the 1-hexene stripping solvent. After five recycles, the sorbent is still usable.Ordered mesoporous adsorbents were prepared by physically coating functionalized ionic liquids onto mesoporous silica gel. These adsorbents were successfully applied to the selective extraction and separation of vitamin E from a model mixture of soybean oil deodorizer distillate. Five adsorbent recycle tests showed good reusability of this ionic liquid-modified mesoporous adsorbent.Another approach to improve the overall economic feasibility of biodiesel production...

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“…THE EPEFE PROGRAM [7,8] included tests on HDDEs, which were selected to represent wide range of dimensions and technologies of European engines, up to Euro-2 emissions standards. All the engines were equipped with pump+line+injector fuel injection systems.…”

Section: Comparison Of Epefe and Epa-hdewg Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Effects on Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines – Results of Recent Research Programs

Veinblat¹,

Tartakovsky²,

Gutman³

et al. 2001

SAE Technical Paper Series

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The main goal of the work presented here was to compile a review of the available literature on the effects of diesel fuel properties on emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines (HDDEs). Because of the large number of various studies that have been performed in this area, the present review is mainly based on the most comprehensive recent research programs: the European Programme on Emissions, Fuels and Engine Technologies (EPEFE), and the USA Programs EPA Heavy-Duty Engine Working Group (EPA-HDEWG) and Diesel Emission Control -Sulfur Effect (DECSE). Fuel properties that have been identified over the years as influencing emissions from HDDEs, and were considered in this work, are cetane number, density, aromatics (total and poly-), sulfur and oxygen contents and back-end distillation.The impact of fuel sulfur content on emission control systems was reviewed, based mainly on the findings of the latest DECSE Program, which was concluded in 2000. These systems include diesel oxidation catalysts, lean-NO x catalysts, NO x adsorbers and diesel particulate filters (traps).A comparison is presented between the regression models, developed in the framework of the EPEFE and EPA-HDEWG programs. Only limited data are available addressing oxygen effects on HDDE emissions. It is noted that there is still lack of data regarding the fuel effects on emissions of engines tested over the new European Transient Cycle.

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European Programme on Emissions, Fuels and Engine Technologies (EPEFE)-Heavy Duty Diesel Study

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Fuel Property, Emission Test, and Operability Results from a Fleet of Class 6 Vehicles Operating on Gas-To-Liquid Fuel and Catalyzed Diesel Particle Filters

Fuel Property, Emission Test, and Operability Results from a Fleet of Class 6 Vehicles Operating on Gas-To-Liquid Fuel and Catalyzed Diesel Particle Filters

Mississippi State Biodiesel Production Project

Fuel Effects on Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines – Results of Recent Research Programs

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