Evaluate Air Pollution Dispersion in Al-Daura Refinery After Used Desulfurization Techniques

Abstract

Sulfur dioxide is one of the dangerous pollutant gases; it has many effects associated with longer exposures to respiratory illness, alterations in the lungs, cardiovascular disease, and premature death. In this study desulfurization techniques are applied to the burned fuel oil used in the Al-Daura refinery at two seasons (January represents winter and July represents summer) to reduce the emission of SO2. Method for desulfurization is based on oxidation (hydrogen peroxide) and solvent extraction techniques by N-methyl–2 -pyrrolidone (NMP) applied on crude fuel oil used in refinery, this method can remove about 75% of sulfur from fuel oil used to a supplied refinery in 2017. The total amount of burned fuel oil is 60011.6 and 40418 kg/hour (January–July) through 2017. The emission rate for SO2 is calculated before and after desulfurization suggested to apply and leads to reduce the average monthly rates from 6000 to 2100 and 2900–700µg/m3 at January-July at a distance of 1000 m from refinery point center. More reduction in farther distances in SO2 concentration reach to more than 35% resulted after applied desulfurization. This change in emission rate leads to modify the pollution spatial distribution of SO2 concentration according to the Gaussian model for the dispersion of pollutant around the refinery and with a distance reached to more than 10 km. Overall there is a significant change in the air quality of SO2 around Al-Daura refinery specifically in the southeast direction when this technique is applied.

The Iraqi Petroleum Refining Industry: A Review of Environmental Impact Assessment

“…At the same time, improving the quality of the fuel used will reduce the pollutants released to the air. Emissions of sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and hydrogen sulfide H2S can be reduced through the use of fuels with low content or through the establishment of desulfurization and nitrogen removal units of emi ed gases, as it is being applied in AL-Dura refinery [70].…”

Assessment Vertical and Spatial Distribution of SO2 Concentration over Baghdad City (Case Study at 2022)

“…Other reports about air pollutant in Iraq produces from ministry of planning refer to AL-Jadyriya station where annual SO2 reached to 0.569 ppm this is lower than 2017 [8]. Ahmed F. et al used desulfurization techniques to reduces emission of SO2 from Daurra refinery, the results show if this method applied in refinery about 75% of sulfur will be removed from fuel oil and SO2 emission rate will be changed from 6000ug/m 3 to 2100ug/m 3 at January month at 2017 [9].Noor M. and Jasim M. analysis trend of spatial and temporal distribution of anthropogenic SO2 emission in Iraq from 2000-January to 2009-december, the results show there is increases in SO2 concentration in most Iraq region through the period from 2006 to 2009. Ramiz M. et al calculate SO2 concentration emission from Daurra refinery by used screen view model, the results show that physical factor such as height of the chimney, its diameter and surrounding environment condition contributed to increases concentration of SO2, study also explain that nearly all atmospheric parameter escape air temperature is important in determine SO2 concentration [10].…”