Evaluating alternatives to rice-wheat system in western Indo-Gangetic Plains: Crop yields, water productivity and economic profitability

Choudhary, Kajod M; Jat, H.S.; Nandal, D. P.; Bishnoi, Dalip Kumar; Sutaliya, J.M.; Choudhary, Madhu; Yadvinder‐Singh,; Sharma, Parbodh Chander; Jat, M.L.

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2017.12.023

Cited by 72 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Consistent with our results, higher maize yield under ZT/PBs compared to planting on the flat beds or on FB was also reported in www.nature.com/scientificreports/ several studies 23,34,36 . Compared to CT maize (Sc4), higher maize yield in CA-based scenarios was probably due to favorable soil temperature and moisture conditions created by residue mulch and efficient use of irrigation waterand nutrients 23,34 . Rashid et al 37 reported 32% higher yield of maize with 50% straw retention compared to straw removal.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The higher (by ~ 10%) system productivity (rice equivalent yield) with CA-based MW and RW system compared to CT-based system was reported previously by the other researchers in the region 10,11 . Further, mungbean integration also helps in improving the system productivity and profitability in similar ecologies 23,34 . The combined effect of mungbean into cereal (rice/maize) systems contributes towards the CA-based sustainable intensification in the IGP 10,11,23 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, mungbean integration also helps in improving the system productivity and profitability in similar ecologies 23,34 . The combined effect of mungbean into cereal (rice/maize) systems contributes towards the CA-based sustainable intensification in the IGP 10,11,23 . Compared to the CT-based scenario, total production cost was ~ 13% lower under CA-based management systems when rice and maize was direct-seeded under ZT conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Designing profitable, resource use efficient and environmentally sound cereal based systems for the Western Indo-Gangetic plains

Jat

Kumar

Datta

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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In the western Indo-Gangetic plains, issues of deterioration in soil, water, and environment quality coupled with low profitability jeopardize the sustainability of the dominant rice–wheat (RW) system. To address these issues, crop diversification and conservation agriculture (CA)-based management hold considerable promise but the adoption of both approaches has been low, and additional evidence generation from a multi-criteria productivity and sustainability perspective is likely required to help drive the change. Compared to prevailing farmers’ practice (FP), results suggest that CA-based rice management increased profitability by 13% and energy use efficiency (EUE) by 21% while reducing irrigation by 19% and global warming potential (GWP) by 28%. By substituting CA-based maize for rice, similar mean profitability gains were realized (16%) but transformative improvements in irrigation (− 84%), EUE (+ 231%), and GWP (− 95%) were observed compared to FP. Inclusion of mungbean in the rotation (i.e. maize-wheat-mungbean) with CA-based management increased the system productivity, profitability, and EUE by 11, 25 and 103%, respectively while decreasing irrigation water use by 64% and GWP by 106% compared to FP. Despite considerable benefits from the CA-based maize-wheat system, adoption of maize is not widespread due to uneven market demand and assured price guarantees for rice.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Designing profitable, resource use efficient and environmentally sound cereal based systems for the Western Indo-Gangetic plains

Jat

Kumar

Datta

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…The result suggests that rice residue retention could be an economically viable and sustainable crop management option for rice-fallows cropping intensification. The economic advan- www.nature.com/scientificreports/ tage of conservation tillage practices in rice-based systems has also been reported earlier from non-rice fallow production systems [31][32][33] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…The higher ambient temperature at later stages of winter crops (100 DAS onwards) increased the evaporative loss of soil moisture and thus the effect of CERM practices on soil moisture was marginal at later growth stages of crop. Several studies have reported that standing stubbles in CA practices could reduce the soil evaporative losses of moisture and moderates the soil temperature by shading effects [32][33][34]37 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop rotation and tillage management options for sustainable intensification of rice-fallow agro-ecosystem in eastern India

Kumar

Mishra

Rao

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Presently, rice-fallows are targeted for cropping intensification in South Asia. Rice-fallows a rainfed mono-cropping system remain fallow after rice due to lack of irrigation facilities and poor socioeconomic condition of the farmers. Nevertheless, there is the scope of including ecologically adaptable winter crops in water-limited rice-fallow conditions with effective moisture conservation practices. The study aimed to identify the winter-crops that are adaptable and productive in rice-fallow conditions and to evaluate the different tillage-based crop establishment practices for soil moisture conservation, grain yield, economics, and sustainability parameters. Six different crop establishment and residue management (CERM) practices viz., zero-tillage direct seeded rice (ZTDSR), zero-tillage transplanted rice (ZTTPR), puddled transplanted rice (PTR), ZTDSR with rice residue retention (ZTDSR R+), ZTTPR with rice residue retention (ZTTPR R+), PTR with rice residue retention (PTR R+) as main-plot treatment and five winter crops (chickpea, lentil, safflower, linseed, and mustard) as sub-plot treatment were evaluated in a split-plot design. The productivity of grain legumes (chickpea and lentil) was higher over oilseed crops in rice-fallow conditions with an order of chickpea > lentil > safflower > mustard > linseed. Among the CERM practices, ZTDSR R+ and ZTDSR treatments increased the grain yield of all the winter crops over PTR treatment, which was primarily attributed to higher soil moisture retention for an extended period. Grain yield increment with conservation tillage practices was highly prominent in safflower (190%) followed by lentil (93%) and chickpea (70%). Rice grain yield was higher (7-35%) under PTR treatment followed by ZTDSR treatment. Conservation tillage practices (ZTDSR, ZTTPR) reduced energy use (11-20%) and increased the energy ratio over conventional tillage practice (PTR), higher in rice-safflower, rice-lentil and rice-chickpea rotations. Higher net return was attained in rice-safflower and rice-chickpea rotations with ZTDSR R+ treatment. Predicted emission of greenhouse gases was markedly reduced in ZTDSR treatment (30%) compared to ZTTPR and PTR treatments. Hence, the study suggests that cropping intensification of rice-fallows with the inclusion of winter crops like chickpea, lentil, and safflower following conservation tillage practices (ZTDSR R+ in particular) could be the strategic options for achieving the higher system productivity, economic returns, and energy use efficiency with the reduced emission of greenhouse gases. Rice-fallows, the rainfed mono-crop production system, nowadays are gaining greater attention for cropping intensification in South Asia 1. Rice-fallow areas extended over 22.3 M ha in South Asia, having maximum acreage in India (88.3%) and remaining in Bangladesh (8.7%), Pakistan (0.5%), Sri Lanka (1.1%), Nepal (1.4%), and Bhutan (0.02%) 2. The major challenges of cropping intensification in rice-fallow areas includes lack of irrigation

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Practical approaches to enhance water productivity at the farm level in Asia: A review

Meena,

Karnam,

Sujatha

et al. 2023

Irrigation and Drainage

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The global population is constantly increasing, reached 8 billion in November 2022 and is expected to reach 9 billion by 2037. This increased population is expected to increase the demand for food, clothing and shelter, which in turn are heavily dependent on limited water resources. The available freshwater resources for agricultural use are further declining due to overexploitation and changing climate in the major food baskets of the world. This increasing water scarcity is exacerbated by expanding cities due to increasing urbanization. This calls for a new look at the allocation of water to agriculture. Therefore, the development of new strategies to improve agricultural water use may serve as an important adaptation strategy. This review attempts to include a comprehensive review of the literature on (i) the status and definition of water productivity and (ii) factors responsible for low water productivity (WP) in Asian agriculture. Furthermore, it contains practical approaches to enhance water use efficiency at the farm level covering all field crops and a range of soil types, which include (i) agronomic interventions; (ii) genetic interventions, such as the identification and cultivation of crop cultivars with high WP; and (iii) genotype, environment and crop management interactions for higher WP.

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Evaluating alternatives to rice-wheat system in western Indo-Gangetic Plains: Crop yields, water productivity and economic profitability

Cited by 72 publications

References 32 publications

Designing profitable, resource use efficient and environmentally sound cereal based systems for the Western Indo-Gangetic plains

Designing profitable, resource use efficient and environmentally sound cereal based systems for the Western Indo-Gangetic plains

Crop rotation and tillage management options for sustainable intensification of rice-fallow agro-ecosystem in eastern India

Practical approaches to enhance water productivity at the farm level in Asia: A review

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