Evaluating heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems toward minimizing the airborne transmission risk of Mucormycosis and COVID-19 infections in built environment

William, Micheal A.; Suárez-López, María José; Soutullo, Silvia; Hanafy, Ahmed A.

doi:10.1016/j.csite.2021.101567

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Recently, a study conducted by William et al, showed that careful design and evaluation of heat, ventilation, air conditioning systems minimized the airborne transmission risk of Mucormycosis and covid-19 infections in hospital environment. They showed that, Dedicated Outdoor Air System model reduced the CO 2 emissions to 691 tons, with a potential of reducing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning and whole-building energy use by 37% and 16%, respectively in the hot arid climate, with a return on investment of about 6% [ 76 ]. Another recent study by Soltan et al, demonstrated the first ever developed multitope vaccine against Mucormycosis causing fungi based on the immunoinformatic approach [ 77 ].…”

Section: Precautions and Care To Manage Mucormycosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks of mucormycosis in the current Covid-19 pandemic: a clinical challenge in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients

Monika

Chandraprabha

2022

Mol Biol Rep

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Mucormycosis, also called “Black Fungus”, is a new cause for worry in the current Coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic. Mucormycosis is devasting due to its high rate of morbidity and mortality which is a great cause of concern. Mucormycosis, in general, affects immunocompromised patients including diabetic, people with malignancies, organ and stem cell transplants and people affected with pandemic diseases like covid-19. Diagnosis of Mucormycosis is often delayed either due to clinical complications or misdiagnosed as symptoms of other diseases, especially covid-19. This could delay the treatment protocol which results in the failure of treatment. Mortality rate due to secondary infections in covid-19 patients with uncontrolled diabetics and who are on steroid therapy can soon reach 100% if diagnosis and treatment doesn’t happen on timely basis. Risk of Mucormycosis is not just in immunosuppressed patients, but immunocompetent people with late diagnosis are also prone to infection. In view of this, we present a comprehensive review on risks of Mucormycosis in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients highlighting the epidemiology, forms of Mucormycosis, immune response against Mucorales, difficulties in diagnosis and challenges in treatment of Mucormycosis, with emphasis on covid-19 associated Mucormycosis. Importantly, we have discussed the precautions and care to effectively manage Mucormycosis in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Thus, current review helps clinicians in understanding various risk factors in both immunocompromised (especially covid-19 patients) and immunocompetent patients which is critical in managing Mucormycosis in current covid-19 pandemic.

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Section: Precautions and Care To Manage Mucormycosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks of mucormycosis in the current Covid-19 pandemic: a clinical challenge in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients

Monika

Chandraprabha

2022

Mol Biol Rep

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“…Additionally, there are established relationships between infection risks and many indoor factors, such as relative humidity, airflow pattern, frequent maintenance of ventilation units, type of employed air filters, and ventilation rates [37] , [38] , [39] . The performance of DOAS is proven by delivering the exact amount of fresh air necessary, controlling indoor relative humidity, and mitigating the risk of airborne diseases indoors [9] , [13] .…”

Section: Building Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wide range of viral loads in patients necessitates the modification of the safety of the HVAC systems to match the control requirements. It is thought that HVAC systems aid in the transmission of SARS-Cov-1 and MERS-CoV [9] . To mitigate the risks associated with infection in enclosed environments, various institutions proposed significant transformations in HVAC requirements in terms of operational guidelines issued to control the airborne transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They stressed the need for adaptive design to address the needs of unanticipated emergencies, such as epidemics and the considerations of increased outdoor air in HVAC design. However, the main contributor to higher energy consumption in hot climatic regions is the introduction of high volumes of fresh air [9] . William et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…William et al. [9] , [13] proposed an energy-efficient dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) as a solution to introduce the recommended amount of fresh air. But the airflow pattern has a significant impact on risks of airborne transmission too.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-objective integrated BES-CFD co-simulation approach towards pandemic proof buildings

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Implemented indoor airborne transmission mitigation strategies during COVID-19: a systematic review

Saeedi

Ahmadi

Hassanvand

et al. 2023

J Environ Health Sci Engineer

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The COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted major economic and health burdens across the world. On the other hand, the potential airborne transmission of SARS-COV-2 via air can deeply undermine the effectiveness of countermeasures against spreading the disease. Therefore, there is an intense focus to look for ways to mitigate the COVID-19 spread within various indoor settings. This work systematically reviewed articles regarding airborne transmission of SARS-COV2 in various indoor settings since the onset of the pandemic. The systematic search was performed in Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases and has returned 19 original articles carefully screened with regard to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that the facilities, such as dormitories and classrooms, received the most attention followed by office buildings, healthcare facilities, residential buildings, and other potential enclosed spaces such as a metro wagon. Besides, the majority of the studies were conducted experimentally while other studies were done using computer simulations. United States (n = 5), Spain (n = 4) and China (n = 3) were the top three countries based on the number of performed research. Ventilation rate was the most influential parameter in controlling the infection spread. CO 2 was the primary reference for viral spread in the buildings. The use of natural ventilation or a combination of mechanical and natural ventilations was found to be highly effective in the studies. The current work helps in furthering research on effective interventions to improve indoor air quality and control the spread of COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-023-00847-0.

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Evaluating heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems toward minimizing the airborne transmission risk of Mucormycosis and COVID-19 infections in built environment

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Risks of mucormycosis in the current Covid-19 pandemic: a clinical challenge in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients

Risks of mucormycosis in the current Covid-19 pandemic: a clinical challenge in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients

Multi-objective integrated BES-CFD co-simulation approach towards pandemic proof buildings

Implemented indoor airborne transmission mitigation strategies during COVID-19: a systematic review

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