Evaluating Johnson and Johnson COVID-19 Vaccination Outcomes in a Low-Income Hispanic Population

Lamb, Christopher C; Owens, Christopher L.; Gamboa, Wendy; Lopez-Yunez, Alfredo M.

doi:10.3390/vaccines11010148

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 47 publications

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“…Hispanics not only had higher infection rates but also had worse outcomes. Hispanics were less likely to be vaccinated and COVID-19 vaccination appeared to have a lesser impact on this minority population17–19; stable vaccine effectiveness of the Johnson & Johnson (J&J) vaccine is 76% in the USA population but has been found to be as low as 14% in minority cohorts 19. Our population is largely uninsured, employed in essential labour and many experience immigration-related stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Use of a rapid triage assessment tool to discriminate the need for hospitalisation in patients with severe COVID-19 infection presenting to an outpatient clinic: a single-centre, prospective cohort study

Owens,

Lamb,

Sanchez

et al. 2023

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesThe WHO designated individuals with low oxygen saturation, SpO2<94%, as severe SARS-CoV2 infection (COVID-19) and recommendations to seek care in a hospital setting were advised. A rapid, office-based method to select patients with severe COVID-19 who need intensive care was necessary during the peak of the pandemic.Design, setting and participantsThis is a prospective cohort study of patients with confirmed severe COVID-19 between September 2020 and April 2021.Outcome measures and analysisOxygen saturation was obtained at rest (SpO2r), following exertion from a 20 m walk test (SpO2e), and the difference was calculated (SpO2Δ). Radiographs and laboratory values were obtained and recorded. Logistic regression models were used to determine variables associated with hospitalisation. A lung injury score was used to quantify pulmonary involvement.ResultsOut of 103 patients enrolled with severe COVID-19 infection, 19 (18.4%) were admitted to the hospital (no deaths). Patients managed as outpatients had a standard treatment protocol. The SpO2Δ and SpO2e were associated with hospitalisation (p<0.005) while SpO2r was no different between non-hospitalised and hospitalised patients (90.7%±2.7% vs 90.8%±2.3%, p=0.87). By contrast, exertional SpO2e was significantly different between non-hospitalised and hospitalised (87.3%±2.6% vs 84.4%±3.4%, p=0.0005). The mean lung injury score was 11.0±3.5 (18-point scale) and did not discriminate against those who would need hospitalisation. Lower lung fields were significantly more involved than the upper (p<0.0001). All patients had elevated biomarkers of inflammation, C reactive protein (CRP) median 82.5 IQR (43–128.6) mg/L and evidence of elevated liver enzymes. A logistic regression model was constructed including SpO2Δ, CRP and alanine aminotransferase to predict hospitalisation. Only SpO2Δ was significant, p=0.012, 95% CI (1.128 to 2.704) and correctly classified 85.71% of patients who could remain at home or would need to receive treatment in the hospital.ConclusionAn office-based, 20 m walk test can help diverge patients with severe COVID-19 who need escalated care. Further, an aggressive standardised treatment protocol can be used to successfully manage patients outside of hospitals despite having severe COVID-19.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Use of a rapid triage assessment tool to discriminate the need for hospitalisation in patients with severe COVID-19 infection presenting to an outpatient clinic: a single-centre, prospective cohort study

Owens,

Lamb,

Sanchez

et al. 2023

BMJ Open

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Adenoviral Vector System: A Comprehensive Overview of Constructions, Therapeutic Applications and Host Responses

Park,

Lee

2024

J Microbiol.

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Prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine development: advancements and challenges

Weerarathna,

Doelakeh,

Kiwanuka

et al. 2024

Mol Biomed

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Biomedical research is fundamental in developing preventive and therapeutic vaccines, serving as a cornerstone of global public health. This review explores the key concepts, methodologies, tools, and challenges in the vaccine development landscape, focusing on transitioning from basic biomedical sciences to clinical applications. Foundational disciplines such as virology, immunology, and molecular biology lay the groundwork for vaccine creation, while recent innovations like messenger RNA (mRNA) technology and reverse vaccinology have transformed the field. Additionally, it highlights the role of pharmaceutical advancements in translating lab discoveries into clinical solutions. Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9, genome sequencing, monoclonal antibodies, and computational modeling have significantly enhanced vaccine precision and efficacy, expediting the development of vaccines against infectious diseases. The review also discusses challenges that continue to hinder progress, including stringent regulatory pathways, vaccine hesitancy, and the rapid emergence of new pathogens. These obstacles underscore the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and the adoption of innovative strategies. Integrating personalized medicine, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence is expected to revolutionize vaccine science further. By embracing these advancements, biomedical research has the potential to overcome existing challenges and usher in a new era of therapeutic and prophylactic vaccines, ultimately improving global health outcomes. This review emphasizes the critical role of vaccines in combating current and future health threats, advocating for continued investment in biomedical science and technology.

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Evaluating Johnson and Johnson COVID-19 Vaccination Outcomes in a Low-Income Hispanic Population

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Use of a rapid triage assessment tool to discriminate the need for hospitalisation in patients with severe COVID-19 infection presenting to an outpatient clinic: a single-centre, prospective cohort study

Use of a rapid triage assessment tool to discriminate the need for hospitalisation in patients with severe COVID-19 infection presenting to an outpatient clinic: a single-centre, prospective cohort study

Adenoviral Vector System: A Comprehensive Overview of Constructions, Therapeutic Applications and Host Responses

Prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine development: advancements and challenges

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