“…Land subsidence is defined as a gradual settling or sudden sinking of the ground surface [1,2,3], which results from natural processes or human activities [4,5,6,7]. Over the past decades, numerous land subsidence events have been reported in many cities around the world where the rapid urban construction and the extensive groundwater exploitation are taking place [8,9,10,11,12,13]. Land subsidence can lead to serious environmental problems and considerable economic losses, such as damage to infrastructures and increased risk of urban pluvial flooding [14,15,16,17,18].…”