Evaluating laser-driven Bremsstrahlung radiation sources for imaging and analysis of nuclear waste packages

Jones, Christopher P; Brenner, C. M.; Stitt, C.A.; Armstrong, Chris; Rusby, Dean; Mirfayzi, S. R.; Wilson, L. A.; Alejo, A.; Ahmed, H.; Allott, R.; Butler, N. M. H.; Clarke, R.J.; Haddock, David D.; Hernandez‐Gomez, C.; Higginson, A.; Murphy, Christopher; Notley, M.; Paraskevoulakos, C.; Jowsey, J.; McKenna, P.; Neely, D.; Kar, S.; Scott, Thomas Bligh

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.07.057

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Then, these electrons can generate X-rays through betatron radiation [2] , inverse Compton scattering [3][4][5] , and bremsstrahlung [6] , thus providing tabletop complements to large-scale conventional accelerator-based X-ray sources. These X-rays sources have advantages of femtosecond duration, micron source size, wide spectral range [7] , thus have tremendous potentials for applications [8] , e.g., biology radiagraphy [9] , non-destructive testing [10,11] , and high-energy-density physics [12,13] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An optimized online filter stack spectrometer

Wen¹,

Ma²,

Yu³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The spectrum of laser-plasma-generated X-rays is very important as it can characterize electron dynamics and also be useful for applications, and nowadays with the forthcoming high-repetition-rate laser-plasma experiments, there is a raising demand for online diagnosis for the X-ray spectrum. In this paper, scintillators and silicon PIN diodes are used to build a wideband online filter stack spectrometer. The genetic algorithm is used to optimize the arrangements of the X-ray sensors and filters by minimizing the condition number of the response matrix, thus the unfolding error can be significantly decreased according to the numerical experiments. The detector responses are quantitatively calibrated by irradiating the scintillator and PIN diode using different nuclides and comparing the measured γ-ray peaks. Finally, a 15-channel spectrometer prototype has been implemented. The X-ray detector, front-end electronics, and back-end electronics are integrated into the prototype, and the prototype can determine the spectrum with 1 kHz repetition rates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An optimized online filter stack spectrometer

Wen¹,

Ma²,

Yu³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Moreover, the process does not require extreme intensities nor arduous matching conditions to be activated. If the target is thick enough (~mm), then the configuration could be designed to work as an actual photon source to be used for applications as photonuclear activation analysis [25], photonuclear radioisotope production [26], transmutation and imaging of nuclear waste products [27][28][29], high-resolution radiography [30][31][32], investigations of nuclear reactions [33,34]. Besides, if the target is thin (≲100 µm), then the breaking radiation can provide resourceful information on the hot electron population [35][36][37][38][39] and can be used to probe high energy density physics experiments [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and simulations of ultra-intense laser-driven bremsstrahlung with double-layer targets

Formenti¹,

Galbiati²,

Passoni³

2022

Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

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High-energy bremsstrahlung emission can occur owing to electron scattering in the nuclei or ions Coulomb field following the relativistic-electron generation in high-intensity laser interaction with plasmas. Such emission of photons in the keV-MeV energy range is of interest to characterize the relativistic electron populations and develop laser-based photons sources. Even if it is a well-established and widely studied emission process, its modeling in laser-plasma scenarios needs further investigation. Moreover, advanced near-critical double-layer targets (DLTs), consisting in a low-density foam deposited on a thin solid substrate, have never been explored extensively for bremsstrahlung photon emission. Therefore, in this paper, we show the rationale, advantages, limitations, application regime, and complementarity of different modeling approaches and apply them to the unconventional configuration based on DLTs. We couple multi-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations with a Monte Carlo strategy to simulate bremsstrahlung in two ways: integrated into the particle-in-cell loop itself or after the simulation with two separate codes. We also use simplified semi-analytical relations to retrieve the photon properties starting only from information on the relativistic electrons. With these tools, we investigate bremsstrahlung emission when an ultra-intense laser (0.8 μm wavelength, 30 fs duration, a0=20 and 3 μm waist) interacts with DLTs having different properties. Despite some limitations of the numerical tools, we find that all approaches significantly agree on the characteristics of ∽1-100 MeV photon emission. This points to the possibility of adopting the different modeling approaches in a complementary way while at the same time identifying the best suited for a specific scenario. Regardless, DLTs appear to overall boost the high energy photon emission while at the same time enabling control of the emission itself.

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“…SGS is simpler and faster than TGS and is a nondestructive form of analysis used in the quantitative analysis of nuclear waste. SGS may avoid the long time DA (destructive analysis) in nuclear waste drums and does not produce secondary radioactive wastes while measuring [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic control and detection systems for low-level radioactive waste drums

Guili

Tuo

et al. 2020

J. Inst.

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Vast quantities of low-level solid nuclear wastes are produced in the operation and decommissioning of nuclear facilities. These radioactive nuclear wastes are usually contained in special drums. Consequently, these nuclear waste drums must be tested, classified and their levels measured before they are placed in a final repository. There are certain dangers during the detection process; there is an urgent need for a safe, efficient, and autonomous system to inspect these nuclear waste drums. This study describes the methods involved in scanning and measuring the vertical section of radioactive waste drums and describes using the programmable logic controller (PLC-SIEMENS S7-1200) in order to construct an automated system as well as a detection system. According to the waste drum test flow, we designed a control program that utilizes the STEP7 Software as well as a monitoring program using SIEMENS WinCC that is flexible within the computer's central monitoring system. In the future, this system may be applied beyond the scale of a laboratory; nuclear enterprises may be able to adopt this process for sampling checks on contaminated waste. This study ensures the detection efficiency of waste drums as well as the safety of their operators. Furthermore, the proposed system effectively promotes the disposal and management of radioactive waste, which has potential applications in engineering.

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Evaluating laser-driven Bremsstrahlung radiation sources for imaging and analysis of nuclear waste packages

Cited by 24 publications

References 33 publications

An optimized online filter stack spectrometer

An optimized online filter stack spectrometer

Modeling and simulations of ultra-intense laser-driven bremsstrahlung with double-layer targets

Automatic control and detection systems for low-level radioactive waste drums

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