Evaluating pre-harvest foliar calcium applications to increase fruit calcium and reduce bitter pit in ‘Golden Delicious’ apples

Lötze, E.; Joubert, J.; Theron, Karen I.

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2008.01.006

Cited by 37 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A reduction in the incidence of post-harvest disorders in apples by the application of in-season Ca sprays as been shown by some authors (e.g., Hewett and Watkins, 1991;Schmitz-Eiberger et al, 2002;Lötze et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…However, inconsistent results have been often reported (van Goor, 1971;Lidster and Porritt, 1978;Hewett and Watkins, 1991;Neilsen et al, 2005;Lötze and Theron, 2006;Lötze et al, 2008;Val et al, 2008). Recently, Val et al (2008) showed that in-season CaCl 2 sprays led to increased Ca concentrations in the skin, while no significant changes were measured in the cortex of apples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Subsequently, treatment of aerial plant parts with Ca sprays, is recommended and applied in many fruit production areas of the world, either as routine applications to prevent the occurrence of localised Ca deficiency in the fruit or to improve fruit quality (Schlegel and Schönherr, 2002a,b;Lötze et al, 2008;. The efficacy of Ca treatments supplied to leaves and fruits may be highly variable and currently, many factors involved on the penetration and distribution of Ca within the fruit remain unclear (Saure, 2005;Bai et al, 2008;Val et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving the performance of calcium-containing spray formulations to limit the incidence of bitter pit in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.)

Blanco

Fernández

Val

2010

Scientia Horticulturae

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Laboratory and field experiments were carried out with apples (Malus x domestica Bork) cv. 'Golden Reinders', to assess the efficacy of sodium salt of carboxymethyl ether of cellulose (0.5%, CMC) as an adjuvant for Ca spray formulations containing either Cachloride or Ca-propionate as active ingredient (120 or 250 mM Ca). This additive significantly increased the retention of Ca-containing solutions by the apple skin and prolonged the process of drying of the solution at room temperature. Four days after immersion of apples in 0.5% CMC plus CaCl 2 or Ca-propionate solutions (120 and 250 mM Ca) significant Ca increases were recorded in the peel and cortex of treated fruits. Application to apple trees of in-season sprays containing 250 mM CaCl 2 plus 0.05% Tween 20, Ca-propionate (120 and 250 mM Ca) plus 0.5% CMC or 250 mM CaCl 2 plus 0.5% CMC had no impact on fruit yield and quality, but significantly limited the rate of bitter pit incidence during the following 3-month cold-storage period. Evidence is provided that addition of appropriate adjuvants to Ca sprays can favour the distribution of Ca into the apple fruit and help to reduce the incidence of Ca-related disorders over the postharvest cold-storage period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving the performance of calcium-containing spray formulations to limit the incidence of bitter pit in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.)

Blanco

Fernández

Val

2010

Scientia Horticulturae

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“…Increased Ca in the fruits can be achieved by foliar application of Ca salts during the growing season (Porro et al, 2006;Lötze et al, 2008), or by dipping the fruits, after harvest, in the solution of those salts (Conway et al, 2002). Late application of calcium nitrate (Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ) -80 days after full blooming-increases the Ca content in the fruit more than the early one (6 days after full blooming); or middle early application -40 days after full blooming- (Lötze et al, 2008).…”

Section: The Role Of Calciummentioning

confidence: 99%

Bitter pit in apples: pre- and postharvest factors: A review

Jemrić

Fruk

et al. 2017

Span. j. agric. res.

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Bitter pit is a physiological disorder that significantly reduces the quality of apples. Although it has been detected since the beginning of the last century, still there is little known about the mechanism of its occurrence. According to numerous studies, bitter pit is formed as a result of calcium deficiency in the fruit. Some authors cite the high concentration of gibberellins, later in the production season, most probably caused by excessive activity of the roots, as the chief causative factor. Beside Ca, there are several factors that can also contribute to its development, like imbalance among some mineral elements (N, P, K and Mg), cultivar, rootstock, the ratio of vegetative and generative growth, post-harvest treatments and the storage methods. There are some prediction models available that can estimate the risk of bitter pit in apples, but even those are not always reliable. The aim of this review was to encompass the pre and postharvest factors which cause bitter pit and point out the directions for solving this problem.

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“…Treatment of fruits using calcium sprays and dips has been shown to be help control symptom expression (Lotze and Theron 2006;Yuri et al 2002) and thus their application is now a widely used practice in commercial-scale orchards, however, their use does not entirely prevent the incidence of the disorder (Lotze et al 2008;Hewett and Watkins 1991). Smock and Neubert (1950) detailed a comparison of the differential susceptibilities of 25 apple varieties to bitter pit, and Lewis (1980) suggested that bitter pit susceptibility is expressed when fruit calcium content was low.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and validation of a QTL influencing bitter pit symptoms in apple (Malus × domestica)

et al. 2015

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Bitter pit is one of the most economically-important physiological disorders affecting apple fruit production, causing soft discrete pitting of the cortical flesh of the apple fruits, which renders them unmarketable. The disorder is heritable, however the environment and cultural practices play a major role in expression of symptoms. Bitter pit has been shown to be controllable to a certain extent using calcium sprays and dips, however, their use does not entirely prevent the incidence of the disorder.Previously, bitter pit has been shown to be controlled by two dominant genes, and markers on linkage group 16 of the apple genome were identified that were significantly associated with the expression of bitter pit symptoms in a genome wide association study. In this investigation, we identified a major QTL for bitter pit defined by two microsatellite (SSR) markers. The association of the SSRs with the bitter pit locus, and their ability to predict severe symptom expression, was confirmed through screening of individuals with stable phenotypic expression from an additional mapping progeny. The data generated in this current study suggest a two gene model could account for the control of bitter pit symptom expression, however, only one of the loci was detectable, most likely due to dominance of alleles carried by both parents of the mapping progeny used. The SSR markers identified are costeffective, robust and multi-allelic and thus should prove useful for the identification of seedlings with resistance to bitter pit using marker assisted selection in apple breeding programs.

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Evaluating pre-harvest foliar calcium applications to increase fruit calcium and reduce bitter pit in ‘Golden Delicious’ apples

Cited by 37 publications

References 23 publications

Improving the performance of calcium-containing spray formulations to limit the incidence of bitter pit in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.)

Improving the performance of calcium-containing spray formulations to limit the incidence of bitter pit in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.)

Bitter pit in apples: pre- and postharvest factors: A review

Identification and validation of a QTL influencing bitter pit symptoms in apple (Malus × domestica)

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