Evaluating the accessibility of essential medicines in China

Xi, Xiaoyu; Chen, Piaopiao; Yang, Fan; Yang, Yifan; Chen, Lili; Ningying, Mao

doi:10.1080/13696998.2018.1474744

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 31 publications

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“…Leukemia requires repeated hospitalizations for treatment. 41 Hence, in terms of health services and treatment habits, 42,43 FCs preferred more specialized medical institutions to obtain better treatment for their loved ones with pediatric leukemia. Repeated hospitalizations require families, especially those living in rural areas, to bear more non-medical costs such as transportation and accommodation, which may not be covered by medical insurance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catastrophic health expenditures of households living with pediatric leukemia in China

et al. 2020

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Background Leukemia can create a significant economic burden on the patients and their families. The objective of this study is to assess the medical expenditure and compensation of pediatric leukemia, and to explore the incidence and determinants of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) among households with pediatric leukemia patients in China. Methods A cross‐sectional interview was conducted among households living with pediatric leukemia using a questionnaire in two tertiary hospitals. CHE was defined as out‐of‐pocket (OOP) payments that were greater than or equal to 40% of a household's capacity to pay (CTP). Chi‐square tests and logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the determinants of CHE. Results Among 242 households living with pediatric leukemia, the mean OOP payment for pediatric leukemia healthcare was $9860, which accounted for approximately 35.7% of the mean household's CTP. The overall incidence of CHE was 43.4% and showed a downward trend with the lowest income group at 69.0% to the highest income group at 16.1%. The logistic regression model found that medical insurance, frequency of hospital admissions, charity assistance, and income level were significant predictors of CHE. Conclusion The results revealed that pediatric leukemia had a significant catastrophic effect on families, especially those with lower economic status. The occurrence of CHE in households living with pediatric leukemia could be reduced by addressing income disparity. In addition, extending coverage and improving compensation from medical insurance could also alleviate CHE. Some other measures that can be implemented are to address the barriers of charity assistance for vulnerable groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catastrophic health expenditures of households living with pediatric leukemia in China

et al. 2020

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Availability of essential medicines, progress and regional distribution in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Zhang

Zou

Liu

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundEssential medicines are the backbone of healthcare and meet the priority healthcare needs of the population. However, approximately one-third of the global population does not have access to essential medicines. Although China formulated essential medicine policies in 2009, the progress of availability of essential medicines and regional variations remains unknown. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the availability of essential medicines, their progress, and regional distribution in China in the last decade.MethodsWe searched eight databases from their inception to February 2022, relevant websites, and reference lists of included studies. Two reviewers selected studies, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias independently. Meta-analyses were performed to quantify the availability of essential medicines, their progress, and regional distribution.ResultsOverall 36 cross-sectional studies conducted from 2009 to 2019 were included, with regional data for 14 provinces. The availability of essential medicines in 2015–2019 [28.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 26.4–29.9%] was similar to that in 2009–2014 (29.4%, 95% CI: 27.5–31.3%); lower in the Western region (19.8%, 95% CI: 18.1–21.5%) than Eastern (33.8%, 95% CI: 31.6–36.1%) and Central region (34.5%, 95% CI: 30.6–38.5%); very low for 8 Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) categories (57.1%), and low for 5 categories (35.7%) among all ATC groups.ConclusionThe availability of essential medicines in China is low compared with the World Health Organization goal, has not changed much in the last decade, is unequal across regions, and lacks data for half of provinces. For policy-making, the monitoring system of the availability of essential medicines is to be strengthened to enable long-term surveillance, especially in provinces where the data has been missing. Meanwhile, Joint efforts from all stakeholders are warranted to improve the availability of essential medicines in China toward the universal health coverage target.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=315267, identifier: PROSPERO CRD42022315267.

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Evaluating the accessibility of essential medicines in China

Cited by 2 publications

References 31 publications

Catastrophic health expenditures of households living with pediatric leukemia in China

Catastrophic health expenditures of households living with pediatric leukemia in China

Availability of essential medicines, progress and regional distribution in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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