2021
DOI: 10.3390/s21196667
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Evaluating the Dynamics of Bluetooth Low Energy Based COVID-19 Risk Estimation for Educational Institutes

Abstract: COVID-19 tracing applications have been launched in several countries to track and control the spread of viruses. Such applications utilize Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) transmissions, which are short range and can be used to determine infected and susceptible persons near an infected person. The COVID-19 risk estimation depends on an epidemic model for the virus behavior and Machine Learning (ML) model to classify the risk based on time series distance of the nodes that may be infected. The BLE technology enable… Show more

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Cited by 14 publications
(9 citation statements)
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“… 6 COVID-19 pandemic has also given rise to a range of technological innovations. Previous studies of emerging technologies in the pandemic centre on distance learning, 7 efficacy and accuracy of contact tracing, 8 COVID-19 risk estimation in education setting, 9 public perceptions and attitudes towards these digital tools, 10 , 11 or the discussion of liberty and autonomy under the expanding digital surveillance. 12 …”
Section: Biosecurity Health and Exclusionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… 6 COVID-19 pandemic has also given rise to a range of technological innovations. Previous studies of emerging technologies in the pandemic centre on distance learning, 7 efficacy and accuracy of contact tracing, 8 COVID-19 risk estimation in education setting, 9 public perceptions and attitudes towards these digital tools, 10 , 11 or the discussion of liberty and autonomy under the expanding digital surveillance. 12 …”
Section: Biosecurity Health and Exclusionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The related work analyzed here have been published in 2020, as described in the following Section IV. However, the investigation into AI applications to combat COVID-19 is still ongoing, like the recent publication [41] where a study about COVID-19 risk estimation for educational institutes is presented.…”
Section: B Deep Learning and Related Terminologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An application of this type uses Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), which has a short range and can be used to determine whether a person is near an infected person [13]. The Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) is one of the most popular methods for detecting Too Close for Too Long (TCTL) between two smartphones [14].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%