Evaluating the effectiveness of Chlorhexidine on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in Iran: a systematic review

Abstract

Objective(s): Chlorhexidine is a highly effective, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent available as a mouthwash, gel, spray, root canal rinse, and periodontal chips. Different results of the effectiveness of this substance have been reported in the studies, hence the aim of this survey is a systematic review of the studies conducted on the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of chlorhexidine on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria isolated in health care centers in Iran. Materials and Methods: The data of this systemic review study were searched from international database including EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed/Medline and Cochrane library using appropriate English keywords until October 2022 and after filtering based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 articles entered our study. Results: Out of a total 12 articles, 7 studies were conducted on Gram-positive bacteria,4 studies were conducted on Gram-negative bacteria and 1 study was assessed on both groups. Most studies have been done on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The lowest and admissible MIC was 0.5 µg/mL and on the flip side the highest was 625 µg/mL. Conclusion: Based on our analysis, antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine against Gram-negative and positive bacteria was discouraging. However, further clinical studies are necessitated to provide clinical evidence to support these observations.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of chlorhexidine salts as potential alternatives to potassium dichromate for Eimeria maxima M6 oocyst preservation

“…Chlorhexidine (CHX) salts are widely used as antiseptics and disinfectants in the healthcare industry ( 17 ). CHX is a cationic antiseptic and disinfectant exhibiting bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and anti-fungal properties depending on concentration ( 18 , 19 ). CHX is typically available in gluconate, digluconate, or diacetate salt forms ( 20 ).…”