“…Baek and Kim [183] demonstrated that operation under oxygen-limited conditions does not compromise nitrification, thus, enabling reduction of the MBR aeration related costs. Under alternating hypoxic/oxic condition, i.e., periodic low DO, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification was observed in a lab-scale hypoxic/oxic MBR (HO MBR) [184]. Anoxic MBR, with membranes submerged in anoxic and not in aerobic tank, allowed to lower nitrogen concentration in permeate from 7.1 to 5.2 mg/L, however, at the expense of 20% lower permeability, 25% lower sludge settleability and increase in permeate phosphorous concentration from 0.5 to 0.9 mg/L [185].…”