Evaluating the Relationship Between Depression and Cognitive Function Among Children and Adolescents with HIV in Zambia

Molinaro, Maria; Adams, Heather; Mwanza-Kabaghe, Sylvia; Mbewe, Esau G.; Kabundula, Pelekelo P.; Mweemba, Milimo; Birbeck, Gretchen L.; Bearden, David

doi:10.1007/s10461-021-03193-0

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…[63], National Institute of Health toolbox – Sadness module [88] used by Molinaro et al . [52], the Beck’s youth inventory [89] used in two studies [66,67] and the revised children’s manifest anxiety scale [90] used in two studies [58,59]. Most studies did not report information on the reliability and/or validity of these measurement tools among YLWH.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eight studies [46,[53][54][55][56][57][58][59] recruited ART experienced (majority) and ART na€ ıve participants, whereas six studies [45,48,[60][61][62][63] did not provide information on participant ART-use status. In eight studies [52,55,59,61,[64][65][66][67] YLWH were exclusively perinatally HIV-infected. Five studies [45,49,58,68,69] had a mixture of perinatally and behaviourally HIV-acquired youths; the rest (18 studies) did not provide information on the mode of HIV infection.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various screening tools based on different cut-off scores were also used to measure depressive (Table 2) or anxiety symptoms (Table 3). These screening tools included the 9-item patient health questionnaire [76] used in six studies [49,53,57,60,77,78], the centre for epidemiologic studies depression scale [79] used in four studies [51,54,56,62], the child depression inventory [80] used in four studies [58,59,81,82], Beck's depression inventory [83] used in three studies [48,61,84], the revised children's depression rating scale [85] used by Kim et al [28], the hospital anxiety and depression scale [86] used by Sale & Gadanya [47], Reynold's adolescent depression Scale [87] used by Paul et al [63], National Institute of Health toolbox -Sadness module [88] used by Molinaro et al [52], the Beck's youth inventory [89] used in two studies [66,67] and the revised children's manifest anxiety scale [90] used in two studies [58,59]. Most studies did not report information on the reliability and/or validity of these measurement tools among YLWH.…”

Section: Measurement Tools For Cmds Their Reliability and Validity Among Ylwh From Ssamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the evidence is limited to draw any conclusions. Only five studies in this review [46,52,65,66,82] compared CMDs between YLWH and their HIV-negative peers. Four of these studies reported significantly higher prevalence estimates of either major depression [46] or depressive symptoms [52,66,82] among YLWH (Table 2).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Cmds Among Ylwh From Ssamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two studies were graded to be of very good quality [55,69], twelve of good quality [28,53,54,58,[64][65][66][67]77,78,82,84], nine of satisfactory quality [45, [49][50][51]56,61,62,68,81] and seven of unsatisfactory quality [46][47][48]57,59,60,63]. One study [52], available only as an abstract publication, provided relevant mental health data for this review. This study was rated as unclear of high risk of bias because of a lack of feedback from authors when contacted (on three attempts) with a request for data that would enable assessment of the quality of the entire study.…”

Section: Quality Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorders in young people living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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Introduction Common mental disorders (CMDs) particularly depression and anxiety, are highly comorbid with HIV also in young people living with HIV (YLWH). In sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) where most YLWH reside, there are limited summary data on CMDs among these youths, yet there are previous systematic reviews summarizing data on CMDs among adults living with HIV. We conducted a systematic literature review on the prevalence and correlates of CMDs among YLWH, aged 10 to 24 years, from SSA. Methods We searched African Index Medicus, African Journals Online and five other electronic databases (from database inception up to 31 December 2020) for relevant studies published in English. The key search terms applied were as follows: “Depression OR Anxiety”, “Young people”, “HIV infections” and “sub‐Saharan Africa”. Results and discussion Out of 3989 articles, 31 studies were included in the review. The prevalence of CMDs in YLWH widely varied ranging between 16.0% and 40.8% for major depression, 4.4% and 52.6% for depressive symptoms and 2.2% and 25.0% for anxiety symptoms. Anxiety disorder was estimated at 45.6%. Four of the five included studies with a comparison group of HIV‐negative young people reported significantly higher prevalence estimates of depressive disorders among YLWH. Several sociodemographic, psychosocial and HIV‐related correlates of CMDs were reported but most lacked consensus across studies. Nevertheless, female sex, older age, fewer schooling years, HIV‐positive status, bullying, sexual abuse, HIV‐related stigma, social support and poor antiretroviral therapy adherence were frequently reported (in ≥2 studies) as significant correlates of depressive symptoms among YLWH. Higher social support was the only frequent significant correlate of anxiety symptoms. Conclusions The burden of CMDs among YLWH from SSA is substantial and appears to be significantly higher when compared with HIV‐negative peers, particularly for depressive disorders. However, more comparative research is needed. Importantly, screening for CMDs at the youth HIV‐clinics should be prioritized especially for YLWH at high risk of CMDs, to facilitate early management or referral for treatment. Furthermore, youth‐friendly psychological interventions addressing CMDs in YLWH should urgently be piloted in SSA, incorporating contextual components that may directly or indirectly reduce symptoms of CMDs among YLWH, such as social support.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Tools For Cmds Their Reliability and Validity Among Ylwh From Ssamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevalence Of Cmds Among Ylwh From Ssamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quality Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorders in young people living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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Central Nervous System Impact of Perinatally Acquired HIV in Adolescents and Adults: an Update

Nichols

2022

Curr HIV/AIDS Rep

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Purpose of Review Perinatally acquired HIV infection (PHIV) can confer neurodevelopmental risk. As children with PHIV increasingly survive through adolescence and into adulthood, understanding its long-term central nervous system (CNS) impacts is critical for maximizing adult outcomes and quality of life. Recent Findings Recently published neurocognitive and neuroimaging findings show impacts on the CNS associated with early HIV disease progression that endure into adolescence and young adulthood. Although developmental trajectories in adolescence largely appear stable, further research on maturational processes is indicated. Summary Although early antiretroviral therapy in infancy appears to be protective, it is not universally available and current youth largely developed without its benefit. The neurocognitive effects of HIV and the multiple other risks to neurodevelopment experienced by youth with PHIV call for further longitudinal research and a multifaceted approach to prevention and intervention.

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Central Nervous System Complications of HIV in Children

Huff,

Sportiello,

Bearden

2024

Curr HIV/AIDS Rep

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Evaluating the Relationship Between Depression and Cognitive Function Among Children and Adolescents with HIV in Zambia

Cited by 12 publications

References 58 publications

Prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorders in young people living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa: a systematic review

Prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorders in young people living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa: a systematic review

Central Nervous System Impact of Perinatally Acquired HIV in Adolescents and Adults: an Update

Central Nervous System Complications of HIV in Children

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