Evaluating the reliability cost of computer system interruptions due to power system disturbances

Power anomaly effects and costs in low-voltage mobile power systems

“…The cost data for voltage variations are usually aggregated with outages (sustained interruptions) and transients [1,23], which, according to EPRI, ranges from $104 billion to $164 billion a year in the U.S. The cost estimates for some specific systems or events [24,25] also appear in the literature but will not be discussed here.…”