Evaluating the value of new metro lines using route diversity measures: The case of Hong Kong's Mass Transit Railway system

Chen

et al. 2022

Findings

Self Cite

Travel demand plays a moderate role in the resilience impact assessment of public transport network disruptions. We analyze how travelers can proactively build transport resilience by responding to adverse events using alternative routes. We consider route diversity (i.e., the numbers of alternative routes for all origin–destination (OD) pairs) as a measure of the network’s capability to accommodate route choice behavioral change and look for potential proactive travelers from the spatial distribution of OD pairs with alternative routes in the Beijing subway network. We further investigate how proactive resilience can be built by choosing alternative routes with the least extra time cost.

Section: Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proactive Resilience Building through Route Diversity: A Close Look at the Metro System from the Travelers’ Perspective

Chen

et al. 2022

Findings

Self Cite

“…The transport infrastructure and service play a critical role in transit passengers to select transport mode, while transport diversity/inter-connectivity is crucial when there are adverse events due to demand shocks/ shutdown of stations (26,27). The presence of feeder modes (bus stops) near the station can significantly affect ridership since some riders reach the station by public transportation (28)(29)(30).…”

Section: Transportation Infrastructure and Station Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transit Usage in Social Shocks: A Case Study of Station-Level Metro Ridership in Anti-Extradition Protests in Hong Kong

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

Zhou

2022

Self Cite

As a form of social movement aiming to effect social change, protests could bring about unintended impacts on all walks of life. In other words, the cost of protests can be incurred by those who might not be protesters. The protests triggered by an extradition bill in Hong Kong since 2019 are no exception. This paper focuses on the impacts on the ridership of the metro system on protest days. It synthesizes and hypothesizes factors influencing the distribution of the ridership changes and conducts an empirical study in the context of Hong Kong to study the possible influences and spatial dependence. It is found that, across metro stations, political orientation (percentage of votes to pro-democracy camp in the 2019 Election of District Councils), law enforcement (permission from the police to protest), land use type (especially for commercial and open space), population age and income, as well as transit/road network characteristics and intermodal connectivity, significantly influence the ridership of metro stations during protest days. In addition, the mixed regressive spatial autoregressive model has higher explanatory power than the ordinary least square model, suggesting the need for a spatial lag and error specification. The results could also have significant implications for policy and planning for operating metro services and managing metro stations before, during, and after social shocks.

“…To this end, Jenelius (26) recalled the necessity for incorporating supply shocks as well as positive and negative demand shocks to understand transportation resilience, which has been relatively understudied (27,28). Although most of the attention of practitioners and researchers has been given to the supply side, from shorter-term response (e.g., operational service response (29,30)) to longer-term adaptation (e.g., building new transportation infrastructure (31,32)), the focus on demand disruptions resulting from special events or various societal upheavals and crises reveals useful insights. Figure 1 shows the theoretical framework proposed by Jenelius that tries to categorize different types of disruptions to transportation systems by building a conceptual model of a transportation system consisting of a supply side and a demand side (26).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Transportation and Social Movements: Learning from the Hong Kong Anti-Extradition Bill Protests

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

Zhou

2021

Self Cite

In this article, we address the public transportation system’s resilience in social movements, which has been under-explored in transportation scholarship. On the one hand, public transportation enables mass mobilization of people and materials and large-scale public engagement in political/social events in transit-reliant cities like Hong Kong. On the other hand, public transportation can be an instrument for both the government and event participants—the former interferes with the public transportation service provision to manage and mitigate the adverse impacts of social movements it perceives on society, whereas the latter disrupt public transportation services or vandalize and damage related facilities to express their discontent and to put pressure on the former. The dynamic resilience of the public transportation system against the above backdrop warrants more in-depth exploration. We incorporate both supply and demand shocks to theorize resilience as a public transportation system’s capability to return to a new equilibrium between the supply and demand after a disturbance. The theoretical approach is illustrated using empirical data and publicly available materials concerning the 2019 Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill movement in Hong Kong.