Evaluation, Genetic Diversity, Recent Development of Distillation Method, Challenges and Opportunities ofRosa damascena: A Review

Abstract

Rosa damascenaMill that is one of the important species of Rosa is used for essential oil production. It is a tetraploid rose that belongs to Damask group of roses. It is generally thought that the R. damascena originated in the Neo-lithic period, in South Anatolia, as a hybridization of R. gallica and R. phoenicea. Nevertheless, the origin of R. damascena is a bone of contention throughout the world. So far, 400 volatile substances have been identified in rose oil. Besides its application in aromatic and food industries, some valuable characteristics of Damask rose oil such as anti -HIV, antibacterial and antioxidant activities have been established during last two decades. The demand of rose oil in international market is increasing, but the area of production is stagnant. Thus, there is a pressing need to extend the cultivation of R. damascena to larger area and to improve its production technology. Rosa damascena possesses vast diversity in plant habit and flower characteristics. Over all, the research publication on this crop is scarce compared to other crops. Hence, this review will provide the valuable information for further research and understanding of the crop and its value as an economical crop.

Rose Flowers—A Delicate Perfume or a Natural Healer?

“…forma trigintipetala Dieck. In addition, R. gallica L., R. centifolia L., R.alba L., and R. rugosa L. are grown worldwide [ 11 , 12 ]. The yield and composition of rose oil obtained from the rose flowers have been known to be strongly affected by the geographic area, the soil, the climate, the moment of the picking, the storage conditions, and the technology parameters.…”

“…var. alba, Rosa gallica L. Rosa centifolia , Rosa chinensis , and Rosa rugosa are grown worldwide predominantly as a raw material for the perfume and cosmetics industry [ 1 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Species affiliation is a determining factor of the quality of commercial products: essential oils, hydrolates, and the concrete and absolute.…”

Essential Oil Composition of Rose Flowers from Karangpring Village Jember District Extracted by Distillation and Enfleurage

“…The main flavor component on the scent of rose flowers are -damascone and damascenone (Pal, 2013). Nevertheless, it is also known that characteristic odor of rose flowers came from 2-phenylethyl alcohol which being a principal component in rose water (Watanabe et al 2001;Sakai et al 2007;Sakai et al 2008;Kumar et al 2014;Gunes, 2005;Hirata et al 2016).…”

“…Most of all, the use of hydrodistillation in kinds of literature is quite widespread for extracting rose oil from fresh rose flowers. It has been known that hydrodistillation product market value is higher than other product from different extraction methods, by the fact that the total number of essential oil components in hydrodistillation is over (Pal 2013). Research by Karmous et al (2004) mentioned that hydrodistillation has a drawback that the effect of boiling floral material and water at the same time could lead a light burned odor in the final product of essential oil.…”

Physiological and Psychological Effects of Rose ‘Wishing’ Flowers and Their Hydrosols on the Human Autonomic Nervous System and Mood State

“…Rose hydrosol is often sprinkled on meat dishes or used in the flavoring of desserts such as ice cream, jam, rice pudding, cake, and yoghurt (Pal, 2013). Hydrosol mainly consists of water and includes few aroma components, while essential oil includes highly concentrated aroma components.…”