Evaluation of a Single-monochromator Diode Array Spectroradiometer for Sunbed UV-radiation Measurements¶

Ylianttila, Lasse; Visuri, Reijo; Huurto, Laura; Jokela, Kari

doi:10.1562/2004-06-02-ra-184.1

Cited by 48 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) (Ylianttila, Visuri, Huurto, & Jokela, 2005) prior to the measurements in early spring, to allow accurate recording of outdoor solar radiation from the UV-B to the near-infrared.…”

Section: The Spectroradiometer Was Calibrated By the Finnish Radiatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing scale‐wise similarity of curves with a thick pen: As illustrated through comparisons of spectral irradiance

Hartikainen

Jach

Grané

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Forest canopies create dynamic light environments in their understorey, where spectral composition changes among patterns of shade and sunflecks, and through the seasons with canopy phenology and sun angle. Plants use spectral composition as a cue to adjust their growth strategy for optimal resource use. Quantifying the ever‐changing nature of the understorey light environment is technically challenging with respect to data collection. Thus, to capture the simultaneous variation occurring in multiple regions of the solar spectrum, we recorded spectral irradiance from forest understoreys over the wavelength range 300–800 nm using an array spectroradiometer. It is also methodologically challenging to analyze solar spectra because of their multi‐scale nature and multivariate lay‐out. To compare spectra, we therefore used a novel method termed thick pen transform (TPT), which is simple and visually interpretable. This enabled us to show that sunlight position in the forest understorey (i.e., shade, semi‐shade, or sunfleck) was the most important factor in determining shape similarity of spectral irradiance. Likewise, the contributions of stand identity and time of year could be distinguished. Spectra from sunflecks were consistently the most similar, irrespective of differences in global irradiance. On average, the degree of cross‐dependence increased with increasing scale, sometimes shifting from negative (dissimilar) to positive (similar) values. We conclude that the interplay of sunlight position, stand identity, and date cannot be ignored when quantifying and comparing spectral composition in forest understoreys. Technological advances mean that array spectroradiometers, which can record spectra contiguously over very short time intervals, are being widely adopted, not only to measure irradiance under pollution, clouds, atmospheric changes, and in biological systems, but also spectral changes at small scales in the photonics industry. We consider that TPT is an applicable method for spectral analysis in any field and can be a useful tool to analyze large datasets in general.

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Section: The Spectroradiometer Was Calibrated By the Finnish Radiatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing scale‐wise similarity of curves with a thick pen: As illustrated through comparisons of spectral irradiance

Hartikainen

Jach

Grané

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Fortunately, these individual tests are carried out usually For determination of spectral responsivity of a radiometer, it is usually calibrated against a known source placed at a specified distance from the entrance optics of the radiometer. Such a calibration procedure is well established and validated [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Unfortunately, specified conditions during the calibration may be quite different from varying conditions which may prevail during later use of the instrument.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Intercomparison of Radiometers Used for Satellite Validation in the 400–900 nm Range

et al. 2019

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An intercomparison of radiance and irradiance ocean color radiometers (The Second Laboratory Comparison Exercise—LCE-2) was organized within the frame of the European Space Agency funded project Fiducial Reference Measurements for Satellite Ocean Color (FRM4SOC) May 8–13, 2017 at Tartu Observatory, Estonia. LCE-2 consisted of three sub-tasks: 1) SI-traceable radiometric calibration of all the participating radiance and irradiance radiometers at the Tartu Observatory just before the comparisons; 2) Indoor intercomparison using stable radiance and irradiance sources in controlled environment; and 3) Outdoor intercomparison of natural radiation sources over terrestrial water surface. The aim of the experiment was to provide one link in the chain of traceability from field measurements of water reflectance to the uniform SI-traceable calibration, and after calibration to verify whether different instruments measuring the same object provide results consistent within the expected uncertainty limits. This paper describes the activities and results of the first two phases of LCE-2: the SI-traceable radiometric calibration and indoor intercomparison, the results of outdoor experiment are presented in a related paper of the same journal issue. The indoor experiment of the LCE-2 has proven that uniform calibration just before the use of radiometers is highly effective. Distinct radiometers from different manufacturers operated by different scientists can yield quite close radiance and irradiance results (standard deviation s < 1%) under defined conditions. This holds when measuring stable lamp-based targets under stationary laboratory conditions with all the radiometers uniformly calibrated against the same standards just prior to the experiment. In addition, some unification of measurement and data processing must be settled. Uncertainty of radiance and irradiance measurement under these conditions largely consists of the sensor’s calibration uncertainty and of the spread of results obtained by individual sensors measuring the same object.

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“…The spectrum of the narrowband UVB lamps is presented in Figure . Uncertainty (2σ) of the measurement of the OceanOptics S2000 was estimated to be approximately 14% . The measurements are traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (Gaithersburg, MD, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet B radiation modifies circadian time in epidermal skin and in subcutaneous adipose tissue

Nikkola

Miettinen

Karisola

et al. 2018

Photoderm Photoimm Photomed

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Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) reaching the skin is a carcinogen, inducing immunosuppression and DNA mutations, 1 and the wavelengths of ultraviolet light B (UVB) represent a biologically very active part of it. 2 The chromophores transduct the electromagnetic energy of UVB into neural, chemical, and hormonal signals to produce rapid (neural) or slow (humoral or immune) responses at the local and systemic levels. 3,4 Skin irradiated by UVB can activate both the central and local hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to turn on homeostatic responses and deactivate local and systemic damage. 4,5 Locally UVB irradiation of the skin leads to activation of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in epidermal and dermal skin, produces cutaneous POMC peptides and activates the corresponding receptors that are important regulators on the pigmentary and the inflammatory reactions. 6-8 In addition, keratinocytes stimulated by UVB can, as a rapid effect, secrete, for example, Summary Background: Recent findings suggest that circadian time regulates cellular functions in the skin and may affect protection against ultraviolet radiation (UVR). It is not known, however, whether UVR through skin directly affects the expression of circadian genes. We investigated the effect of ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure on cryptochrome circadian clock 1 (CRY1), cryptochrome circadian clock 2 (CRY2), and circadian associated repressor of transcription (CIART) genes.Methods: Healthy volunteers (n = 12) were exposed to narrow-band UVB radiation of four standard erythemal dose (SED). Epidermal/dermal and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were obtained by punch biopsies from irradiated and non-irradiated skin 10 cm away from the irradiated site 24 hours after UVB exposure. Gene expression of CRY1, CRY2, and CIART was measured using RT-PCR (TaqMan). Results: Ultraviolet B radiation affected mRNA expression in the epidermal/dermal skin and in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. It down-regulated expression of CRY2 gene in the epidermal/dermal skin, whereas it up-regulated expression of CRY1 and CIART genes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Conclusion:We showed for the first time that UVB radiation affects expression of circadian genes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Further studies are warranted to understand the mechanisms in detail.

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Evaluation of a Single-monochromator Diode Array Spectroradiometer for Sunbed UV-radiation Measurements¶

Cited by 48 publications

References 8 publications

Assessing scale‐wise similarity of curves with a thick pen: As illustrated through comparisons of spectral irradiance

Assessing scale‐wise similarity of curves with a thick pen: As illustrated through comparisons of spectral irradiance

Laboratory Intercomparison of Radiometers Used for Satellite Validation in the 400–900 nm Range

Ultraviolet B radiation modifies circadian time in epidermal skin and in subcutaneous adipose tissue

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