Evaluation of a Single Sampling Method for Estimation of Plasma Iohexol Clearance in Dogs and Cats with Various Kidney Functions

Miyagawa, Yuichi; Takemura, Naoyuki; Hirose, Hisashi

doi:10.1292/jvms.09-0294

Cited by 17 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Moreover, it is stressful for animals and not well accepted by the owner. In the present article, threepoint simplified models have been evaluated for horses and donkeys, as in other species [31][32][33]. The three-sample plasma clearance of IOX was chosen because it is the minimum number of samples required to calculate plasma clearance with a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model, to decrease the chance of errors and increase the accuracy of the GFR estimation [11,34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Adult Horses and Donkeys by Single IV Administration of Iohexol

Meucci¹,

Sgorbini²,

Bonelli³

et al. 2015

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Adult Horses and Donkeys by Single IV Administration of Iohexol

Meucci¹,

Sgorbini²,

Bonelli³

et al. 2015

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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“…These values were determined using PCio values obtained from healthy dogs (n=100) and cats (n=36) under the same conditions including fasting, environment and hydration state as in our previous study (unpublished data). In this study, a PCio of < 40 ml/min/m 2 (2.35 ml/min/ kg) for dogs and < 35 ml/min/m 2 (2.11 ml/min/kg) for cats was considered to represent a decreased GFR [31].…”

Section: Measurement Of Plasma Creatinine (P-cre) and Urea (P-un) Conmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessments of Factors that Affect Glomerular Filtration Rate and Indirect Markers of Renal Function in Dogs and Cats

2010

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ABSTRACT. Chronic kidney disease is one of the most common disorders in dogs and cats. The plasma urea nitrogen (P-UN) and creatinine (P-Cre) concentrations are not sufficiently sensitive for early diagnosis of renal dysfunction. Although urine and plasma clearance methods allow earlier detection of reductions in the GFR, it is difficult to estimate a mildly reduced GFR from the values obtained by these methods, as they are also affected by physiological factors, such as body weight (BW) and age. The present study is a retrospective survey designed to assess the factors that affect markers of kidney function and to revaluate the clinical utility of the markers, including P-UN, P-Cre and GFR determined by plasma iohexol clearance (PCio) in dogs and cats. The P-UN, P-Cre and PCio values in dogs and the P-Cre and PCio values in cats were significantly correlated with BW (P<0.001). PCio in smaller dogs (15.0 kg) was significantly and inversely correlated with age. In smaller dogs, increase of P-UN alone might warrant a suspicion of a decreased GFR, but in contrast, P-Cre may be inefficient for detecting renal dysfunction or determining the severity of CKD compared with that in larger dogs ( 15.1 kg). P-Cre in larger dogs correlated better with PCio than in smaller dogs, suggesting that P-Cre in larger dogs was a more sensitive marker of reduced GFR.KEY WORDS: body weight, plasma creatinine, plasma iohexol clearance, plasma urea nitrogen.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 72(9): 1129-1136, 2010 Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common disorders and is a common cause of death in dogs and cats. The prevalence of renal diseases has been reported to range from 0.5 to 7% in dogs and from 1.6 to 20% in cats [29,43]. Although CKD occurs in dogs and cats of all ages, the mortality of CKD commonly increases with age. In human and veterinary medicine, CKD is diagnosed by detecting chronic decreases in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or the presence of chronic renal damage [4,36]. GFR can be evaluated indirectly from the concentrations of plasma and urine markers, which are dependent on the amount eliminated by the kidneys. The plasma urea nitrogen (P-UN) and creatinine (P-Cre) concentrations are widely used as endogenous markers to evaluate renal function in dogs and cats because they can be easily, rapidly and cheaply measured. GFR is measured directly by urine or plasma clearance methods using inulin, creatinine or iohexol [7,14,15,20,21,33,34]. Although the urinary clearances of inulin and creatinine are considered to be the gold standards for measuring GFR in humans and animals, these methods are impractical in clinical settings because they require insertion of a bladder catheter, which is associated with a risk of developing a urinary tract infection or urethral injury; complete collection of a timed urine sample; and continuous infusion of the marker. The single injection technique can be used to determine plasma clearance from the elimination curve of a marker in plasma after a bolus injection. Plasma clearance ca...

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“…One major limitation is that conventional iohexol clearance protocols require repeated blood sampling over several hours, which is labor‐intensive, time‐consuming, and stressful for the animal. Numerous studies have attempted to determine the smallest number of blood samples needed for accurate GFR measurements in dogs and cats, and single‐point GFR methods have been investigated . However, most of these methods were not considered sufficiently reliable for CKD diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic potential of simplified methods for measuring glomerular filtration rate to detect chronic kidney disease in dogs

Pocar

Scarpa

Berrini

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the most sensitive indicator of initial renal function decline during chronic kidney disease (CKD), but conventional protocols for measuring GFR are labor‐intensive and stressful for the dog. Objectives To assess the diagnostic potential for detecting CKD with simplified GFR protocols based on iohexol plasma clearance. Animals Seventeen CKD‐positive and 23 CKD‐negative dogs of different breeds and sex. Methods Prospective nonrandomized study. Plasma iohexol was measured 5, 15, 60, 90, and 180 minutes after injection. Glomerular filtration rate was calculated using 5 samples (GFR5) or simplified protocols based on 1, 2, or 3 samples. The GFR5 and simplified GFR were compared by Bland‐Altmann and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) analysis, and diagnostic accuracy for CKD by receiver operating characteristic curves. A gray zone for each protocol was bounded by the fourth quartile of the CKD‐positive population (lower cutoff) and the first quartile of the CKD‐negative population (upper cutoff). Results All simplified protocols gave reliable GFR measurements, comparable to reference GFR5 (CCC >0.92). Simplified protocols which included the 180‐minutes sampling granted the best GFR measure (CCC: 0.98), with strong diagnostic potential for CKD (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ± SE: 0.98 ± 0.01). A double cutoff including a zone of CKD uncertainty guaranteed reliable diagnosis outside the gray area and identified borderline dogs inside it. Conclusions The simplified GFR protocols offer an accurate, hands‐on tool for CKD diagnosis in dogs. The gray zone might help decision‐making in the management of early kidney dysfunction.

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Evaluation of a Single Sampling Method for Estimation of Plasma Iohexol Clearance in Dogs and Cats with Various Kidney Functions

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Determination of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Adult Horses and Donkeys by Single IV Administration of Iohexol

Determination of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Adult Horses and Donkeys by Single IV Administration of Iohexol

Assessments of Factors that Affect Glomerular Filtration Rate and Indirect Markers of Renal Function in Dogs and Cats

Diagnostic potential of simplified methods for measuring glomerular filtration rate to detect chronic kidney disease in dogs

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