Evaluation of Acidic Ionic Liquids as Catalysts for Furfural Production from Eucalyptus nitens Wood

Abstract

Eucalyptus nitens wood samples were subjected to hydrothermal processing to obtain soluble saccharides from the hemicellulosic fraction. The hemicellulose-derived saccharides were employed as substrates for furfural production in biphasic media made up of water, methyl isobutyl ketone, and one acidic ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate or 1-(3-sulfopropyl)-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate). The reactions were carried out in a microwave-heated reactor to assess the effects of the most influential variables. Under selected operational conditions, the molar conversions of the precursors into furfural were within the range of 77–86%. The catalysts conserved their activity after reutilization in five consecutive reaction cycles.

Furfural production from lignocellulosic biomass: one-step and two-step strategies and techno-economic evaluation

“…Acidic ionic liquids have been proposed as environmental friendly catalysts for the two-step furfural production. Penín et al 123 combined hydrothermal processing with an acidic ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate Fig. 10 The proposed mechanism of DES for furfural production.…”

“…Acidic ionic liquids have been proposed as environmental friendly catalysts for the two-step furfural production. Penín et al 123 combined hydrothermal processing with an acidic ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([C4mim]HSO 4 ), and 1-(3-sulfopropyl)-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([C3SO 3 Hmim]), as substrates in the second step in a water/methyl isobutyl ketone biphasic medium for furfural production. Under the selected operational conditions, the molar conversions of the precursors (pentosans) into furfural were 75.0 ± 0.71% with 1.16 mol [C4mim]HSO 4 /L as the catalyst, and 82.5 ± 0.91% with 0.049 mol [C3SO 3 Hmim]HSO 4 /L as the catalyst at 180 °C.…”

Green Chemistry in Organic Synthesis: Recent Update on Green Catalytic Approaches in Synthesis of 1,2,4-Thiadiazoles

“…4 NPs (Fe 3 O 4 @OA-Pd) and (4-sulfonic acid) butyltrimethyl amine (TMABS)[118][119][120][121]. Acidic ionic liquids such as [HO 3 S-(CH 2 ) 3 -mim] Cl-FeCl 3 and Brønsted Lewis acidic ILs, (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate or 1-(3-sulfopropyl)-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate) ILs[122,123]. Following different ionic liquids also used as catalysts for the productions of biodiesel, which are: SBA-IL-3, PIL-3, P(VB-VS)HSO 4 , MIL-101(Cr)@ MBIAILs, Fe 3 O 4 @HKUST-1, AILs/HPW/UiO-66-2COOH and CoFe 2 O 4 /MIL-88B(Fe)-NH2/(Py-Ps)PMo[124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131].…”