Evaluation of advanced oxidation processes for β-blockers degradation: a review

Abstract

This study summarizes the results of scientific investigations on the removal of the three most-often used ß-blockers (atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol) by various advanced oxidation processes (AOP). The free radical chemistry, rate constants, degradation mechanism and elimination effectiveness of these compounds are discussed together with the technical details of experiments. In most of AOP the degradation is predominantly initiated by hydroxyl radicals. In sulfate radical anion based oxidation processes (SROP) both hydroxyl radical and sulfate radical anion greatly contributes to the degradation. The rate constants of reactions with these two radicals are in the 109–1010 M−1 s−1 range. The degradation products reflect ipso attack, hydroxylation on the aromatic ring and/or the amino moiety and cleavage of the side chain. Among AOP photocatalysis and SROP are the most effective for degradation of the three ß-blockers. The operating parameters have to be optimized to the most suitable effectiveness.

Nanocomposite PVDF/TiO2 Photocatalytic Membranes for Micropollutant Removal in Secondary Effluent

“…From Figure 9, it can be seen that, regardless of the PVDF/TiO 2 membrane used, the removal rates of MTP and VEN were close to each other. The similar reactivity of these MPs with HO • (rate constants of 6.92 × 10 9 and 8.0 × 10 9 L•mol −1 •s −1 for VEN and MTP, respectively [62,63]) explains these results.…”