Evaluation of Annoyance and Suitability of a Back-Up Warning Sound for Electric Vehicles

Abstract

This paper describes the evaluation of the annoyance and suitability of a back-up warning sound for electric vehicles (EV). Three back-up signals used for the evaluation were categorized into three types: broadband, tonal and multi-tone. The reversing sound for a Nissan Leaf (EV-first mass production) will also be included as a benchmark for the other three sound signals. The sample sound was generated based on the human hearing threshold in several individual related areas; age-related, normal and working noise exposure frequency range. Each sound was evaluated in turn by the respondents in a nearby neighborhood, college, town area and rural area in terms of level of annoyance and its suitability as an EV back-up sound to alert pedestrians as they run quietly on the road, which can cause a hazard. Every tested sound perception result is based on the place where the respondents live. An appropriate sound for a quiet vehicle can help pedestrians to detect it and at the same time maintain acceptable environmental sound levels.

A comparison study of range-extended engines for electric vehicle based on vehicle simulator

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Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of an Electric Vehicle

“…The issues of air pollution in urban areas, ICEs being the second highest contributor to global warming with approximately 21% of greenhouse gasses emissions [1], and the depletion of fossil fuels and their increasing prices, have significantly amplified interest in EVs [2][3][4]. This is due to the advantages of EVs as clean and silent technology, as well as their offering better efficiency than ICE vehicles and electricity being a cheaper energy source than fuel [5].…”

Design and Optimization of Powertrain System for Prototype Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle

“…As a consequence, novel renewable and clean energy power sources must be considered. One of the prevalent alternative sources of electric power is the fuel cell [1][2][3][4][5]. For many years now, FCs, and more especially proton exchange membrane (PEM) FCs, have been considered to be very promising long-term replacements for the conventional internal combustion engine in automobile applications [6].…”