Evaluation of Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Withania somnifera L. in vitro and in vivo Grown Explants

Abstract

Background: A genome-scale metabolic network model (GEM) is a mathematical representation of an organism's metabolism. Today, GEMs are popular tools for computationally simulating the biotechnological processes and for predicting biochemical properties of (engineered) strains. Objectives: In the present study, we have evaluated the predictive power of two GEMs, namely iBsu1103 (for Bacillus subtilis 168) and iMZ1055 (for Bacillus megaterium WSH002). Materials and Methods: For comparing the predictive power of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium GEMs, experimental data were obtained from previous wet-lab studies included in PubMed. By using these data, we set the environmental, stoichiometric and thermodynamic constraints on the models, and FBA is performed to predict the biomass production rate, and the values of other fluxes. For simulating experimental conditions in this study, COBRA toolbox was used. Results: By using the wealth of data in the literature, we evaluated the accuracy of in silico simulations of these GEMs. Our results suggest that there are some errors in these two models which make them unreliable for predicting the biochemical capabilities of these species. The inconsistencies between experimental and computational data are even greater where B. subtilis and B. megaterium do not have similar phenotypes. Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that literature-based improvement of genome-scale metabolic network models of the two Bacillus species is essential if these models are to be successfully applied in biotechnology and metabolic engineering.

Traditionally used edible Solanaceae plants of Mizoram, India have high antioxidant and antimicrobial potential for effective phytopharmaceutical and nutraceutical formulations

“…C. annuum showed the lowest total anthocyanin content ( Table 3 ). In our findings, the TAC was found higher than reported in previous works in S. nigrum, S. tuberosum, S. lycopersicon, S. melongena, N. tabacum, P. hybrida and Withania somnifera extracts ( Kanungo et al., 2013 ; Wang et al., 2017 ). Recent reports have suggested that Solanaceae plants are promising resources for anthocyanin extraction ( Li et al., 2019 ).…”

“…Increased level of SOD, APX and CAT can lead to enhanced oxidative stress protection ( Gupta et al., 1993 ). Previous reports have also shown that Solanaceae plants have potential activities of SOD, APX and CAT ( Yu et al., 1998 ; Tang et al., 2006 ; Kanungo et al., 2013 ). Our investigation confirms that the Solanaceae plants are good sources of SOD, APX and CAT that have significant value in reducing stress oxidative reactions.…”

Traditionally used edible Solanaceae plants of Mizoram, India have high antioxidant and antimicrobial potential for effective phytopharmaceutical and nutraceutical formulations

“…C. annuum showed the lowest total anthocyanin content (Table 3). In our ndings, the TAC was found higher than previous work in S. nigrum, S. tuberosum, S. lycopersicon, S. melongena, N. tabacum, P. hybrida and Withania somnifera extraction [55,56]. Recent reports have suggested that Solanaceae plants are promising resources for anthocyanin extraction [49].…”