Evaluation of association between atherogenic index of plasma and intima‐media thickness of the carotid artery for subclinic atherosclerosis in patients on maintenance hemodialysis

Abstract

Incidence of cardiovascular diseases in the patients having chronic kidney disease (CKD) is between 25% and 60%. This increased rate is proposed to be associated with "accelerated atherosclerosis." Increased carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a subclinical atherosclerosis marker. Small-dense low-density lipoprotein particles are a strong risk factor for atherosclerosis. It was shown that atherogenic index of plasma (AIP = log(TG/HDL-c)) is correlated with size of the lipoprotein particles. We investigated the correlation between AIP and CIMT which is a subclinical atherosclerosis marker, in hemodialysis (HD) patients. A total of 62 persons with 31 patients under HD therapy and 31 volunteers were included in the study. In all the participants, CIMT was measured and AIP were calculated. AIP and CIMT values of the participants were compared with blood pressures, lipid profiles and the other risk factors. AIP (0.39 ± 0.32) and CIMT (0.57 ± 0.13) were found significantly higher in the patient group than in the controls (0.04 ± 0.36 and 0.45 ± 0.119, respectively); (P = 0.0001 and 0.0001, respectively). There was a significant correlation between AIP and increased CIMT in the patient group (P = 0.0001, r = 0.430). Among the lipid parameters, the strongest correlation was found between CIMT and AIP. We demonstrated the significant increase of AIP and CIMT in HD patients. A correlation was found between AIP and CIMT. AIP was found to show a correlation with a greater number of risk factors, both classical and CKD specific, than CIMT. These data suggest that AIP might be a method which can be used both in diagnosis of subclinical atherosclerosis and in deceleration processes of its progression.

Low-Flow Polysulfone Hemodialysis Alters Lipoprotein Parameters, Paraoxonase Activity and <i>in Vitro</i> Incorporation of Phospholipids

“…Although significant differences were observed between pre-and post-HD for age group >60 years, the other evaluated age groups, by LDL-C/apoB ratio, did not show LDL phenotype changes. The Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) has been cited recently as a risk marker for atherogenic disease since it indirectly indicates sdLDL in HD patients [19] [47] [48]. Our study showed a significant reduction of AIP at age groups 30 -39 and 40 -49 years.…”

Association of Myeloperoxidase and the Atherogenic Index of Plasma in Children with End-Stage Renal Disease

“…It has been suggested that AIP is less susceptible to variations in disease activity during longer periods of time. This makes it more attractive for use in cardiovascular risk prediction than lipid concentrations per se , especially in children with ESRD (8). Elevated AIP is connected with higher percent of remnant lipoproteins and small, dense LDL (sdLDL) particles (29, 30).…”

“…The Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) was calculated according to the following equation: AIP=log(TG/HDL-C), with units for TG and HDL-C in mmol/L (8).…”

“…Loga rith mic ration of TG and HDL-C, known as the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) has been successfully used as an additional index in the assessment of atherosclerosis progression (7, 8). The aim of this study was to investigate associations between AIP levels and MPO concentration, since MPO activity is an important contributor to the development of atherosclerosis.…”

Progression of endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and arterial stiffness in stable kidney transplant patients: a pilot study

“…Endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, and accelerated atherosclerosis are common in stable kidney transplant patients and may contribute to the high cardiovascular event rate [3,5,6]. Endothelial dysfunction, a prerequisite to atherosclerosis, encompasses numerous maladaptive alterations adversely affecting vascular tone, haemostasis, and inflammatory processes within the arterial wall [7].…”