Evaluation of Changes in the Cardiac Function before and after Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Mitral Valve Repair in Healthy Dogs: Conventional and Novel Echocardiography

Abstract

Mitral valve regurgitation is a common canine heart disease. Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair (TEER) is a transcatheter, edge-to-edge mitral repair device that uses a hybrid approach. No detailed information has been published on the hemodynamic effect of TEER on cardiac function. The aim of this report is to provide a longitudinal observation of the cardiac functional changes observed after TEER implantation in normal dogs using traditional, two-dimensional speckle tracking, and color M-mode echocardiographic methods. In the current report, TEER was implanted into two healthy dogs under general anesthesia. An echocardiographic examination was performed at baseline and weekly postoperative follow-ups were conducted until the fourth week. Successful TEER implantation was achieved with a short operation time (98 and 63 min) in the two dogs. Functional mitral valve regurgitation, elevated E/e’ ratio, elevated radial strain, and stable intraventricular pressure gradients (IVPG) were observed after the operation in the dogs. Mild non progressive mitral valve stenosis was observed in both dogs. TEER is a minimally invasive method for mitral valve surgery that necessitates more clinical trials. With longitudinal observation of heart function using novel approaches, better outcomes will be expected.

Color M-Mode Echocardiography for Non-Invasive Assessment of the Intraventricular Pressure in Dogs Before and After Ductus Arteriosus Occlusion: A Retrospective Study

“…In our study, there were some correlations between the CMME-derived indices and conventional echocardiographic parameters, particularly those that are important for diastolic function, as previously observed in other studies ( 7 , 9 – 12 , 16 , 37 ). The IVPD and IVPG indices reported in the present study were comparable to previous reports in dogs and cats ( 11 , 15 , 37 ).…”

“…Since the PDA operation was performed via intercostal thoracotomy, neither catheterization nor angiography was performed for this study. A previous study showed that CMME-derived IVPD and IVPG were strongly correlated with tau measured by invasive catheterization, thus comparative assessment of IVPD between CMME and catheterization was not performed in this study ( 7 , 12 , 28 ). Besides, recent publications used CMME for non-invasive assessment of IVPD and/or IVPG that has been performed in dogs and cats without catheterization ( 15 , 37 ).…”

“…In congenital heart disease like PDA, it is important to consider diastolic function and preload separately to understand the pathophysiology and to formulate a treatment plan ( 32 , 33 ). To date, IVPD and IVPG evaluation via CMME is still at the research stage, and the widespread use of such novel methods requires intensive experimental and clinical trials ( 7 , 12 , 15 ). Recent studies have begun to reveal the efficiency of CMME-derived IVPD and IVPG indices for the evaluation of cardiac function.…”

“…The IVPG and IVPD were automatically divided into basal, mid-to-apical, mid, and apical segments, which are corresponding to their location in the LV ( 11 , 12 , 14 ).…”

Hemodynamic Effects of Protamine Infusion in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease Undergoing Mitral Valvuloplasty

“…Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) resulting from degeneration of the valve leaflets and chordae tendineae is a common cardiac disorder causing congestive heart failure in dogs, especially in small breeds [1,2]. Surgical intervention for the advanced stages of canine MMVD is now available in some countries because of recent advances in surgical procedures [2][3][4][5]. In particular, mitral valvuloplasty (MVP) has been considered a treatment option for MMVD.…”