Evaluation of community-based screening tools for the early screening of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Vietnamese women

Abstract

Background Osteoporosis affects people worldwide. However, there are few validated tools for the early screening of osteoporosis in Vietnam. We set out to evaluate the performance of the osteoporosis self-assessment tool for Asians (OSTA) and the osteoporosis screening tool for Chinese (OSTC) for the early screening of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Vietnamese women. Methods We analyzed retrospective data from 797 postmenopausal Vietnamese women. The bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar vertebrae (L1–L4) and the left and right femoral necks of all participants were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Osteoporosis was defined as the BMD (T-score) < -2.5. The OSTA and OSTC scores were calculated from the age and weight of participants. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted to compare the performance of the two tools with the BMD measurements by DXA at different anatomical sites. Results The rates of osteoporosis determined by BMD varied between anatomical sites, and ranged from 43.4% to 54.7% in the lumbar vertebrae and 29.2% and 8.9% in the left and right femoral necks, respectively. For the vertebrae, the area under the curve (AUC) for OSTA ranged from 70.9% to 73.9% and for OSTC ranged from 68.7% to 71.6%. The predictive value of both tools was higher for femoral necks, with the AUC of OSTA for the left and right femoral necks being 80.0% and 85.8%, respectively. The corresponding figures for OSTC were 80.5% and 86.4%, respectively. The highest sensitivity and specificity of OSTA were 74.6% and 81.4%, while these figures for OSTC were 73.9% and 82.6%, respectively. Conclusion OSTA and OSTC were shown to be useful self-assessment tools for osteoporosis detection in Vietnam postmenopausal women. Further research is encouraged to determine the applicability of tools for other populations and settings.

Predicting the risk of osteoporosis in older Vietnamese women using machine learning approaches

“…We included the OSTA and prediction model of Ho-Pham et al 14 in our study and conducted the external validation with the aim of validating the models in a new population. The predictive values of OSTA in our study were drastically lower than the figures of Bui et al for all anatomical sites 3 and Chen et al at femoral neck 44 . While the minimum AUC values estimated in the latter studies were 0.709 and 0.830 for OSTA respectively, our findings showed a value of only 0.6427 and 0.6814 in two scenarios 3 , 44 .…”

“…The predictive values of OSTA in our study were drastically lower than the figures of Bui et al for all anatomical sites 3 and Chen et al at femoral neck 44 . While the minimum AUC values estimated in the latter studies were 0.709 and 0.830 for OSTA respectively, our findings showed a value of only 0.6427 and 0.6814 in two scenarios 3 , 44 . The prediction model developed by Ho-Pham et al proved its good discrimination ability through external validation by our study, with AUC values above 0.8 in both two scenarios 14 .…”

“…The Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool (OST) is one of the oldest and simplest ways to identify people at risk of osteoporosis. This tool uses weight and age to identify men and women in various populations likely to have osteoporosis 3 – 13 . For the Asian female population, prediction tools were developed by integrating the magnitude of the correlation between age and weight with BMD to estimate the likelihood of osteoporosis 5 , 14 , 15 .…”

Osteoporosis Risk in Hemodialysis Patients: The Roles of Gender, Comorbidities, Biochemical Parameters, Health and Diet Literacy

“…The high prevalence of osteoporosis in hemodialysis patients has been reported in previous studies that used different diagnostic methods, such as an ultrasound bone densitometry [ 38 ], a bone density scan [ 5 , 6 ], and a bone histomorphometry [ 39 ]. The OSTA has been suggested for early osteoporosis detection in the healthy population [ 26 ] or in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus [ 40 ]. It is also capable of distinguishing the fracture status in hemodialysis patients [ 25 ].…”

“…The OSTA has been reported to be an acceptable tool in detecting the fracture risk and osteoporosis risk in hemodialysis patients [ 25 ]. It has also been tested in the Vietnamese population and has shown high sensitivity and specificity, at 74.6% and 81.4%, respectively [ 26 ].…”